Raising of the pitch of a second, same-tone syllable
Upstep
ꜛ◌
ꜞ◌
ꜟ◌
IPA Number
518
Encoding
Entity (decimal)
ꜛ
Unicode (hex)
U+A71B
In linguistics, upstep is a phonemic or phonetic upward shift of tone between the syllables or words of a tonal language. It is best known in the tonal languages of Sub-Saharan Africa. Upstep is a much rarer phenomenon than its counterpart, downstep.
The symbol for upstep in the International Phonetic Alphabet is a superscript upward arrow [ꜛ] ([↑]). However, it is common, especially in the early research, to find a superscript (or sometimes subscript) inverted exclamation mark [ꜞ] ([¡]) or [¡], because of typographical constraints.
Hausa has upstep because of the interaction of tones when they are placed in context:[citation needed]
[túránꜛtʃínè]
It's English.
Upstep is superficially similar to pitch reset, which is nearly universal in the prosody of the world's languages. The most common prosodic contours occur in chunks with gradually declining pitch (here transcribed as a global fall, [↘]). Between such chunks, the pitch resets:
In linguistics, upstep is a phonemic or phonetic upward shift of tone between the syllables or words of a tonal language. It is best known in the tonal...
⟨ꜛ ꜜ⟩ are defined in the Handbook as "upstep" and "downstep", concepts from tonal languages. However, the upstep symbol can also be used for pitch reset...
as the Africanist equivalents of the IPA characters ⟨ꜜ⟩ downstep and ⟨ꜛ⟩ upstep. The correspondence of U+A71D ⟨ꜝ⟩ to the IPA click letter ⟨ǃ⟩ is thus accidental...
◌ꜙ ◌ꜚ⟩ are used in Ozumacín Chinantec. ⟨ꜛ ꜜ⟩ are the IPA diacritics for upstep and downstep, while ⟨ꜝ ꜞ ꜟ⟩ are substitutes people used before broad font...
the prosody of European Portuguese using tone letters alongside stress, upstep, and downstep in the same position before the syllable: [u ꜛˈvẽtu ˈnɔɾtɯ...
the lower half of the reflector. This is used to create the upsweep or upstep characteristic of ECE low beam light distributions. The bulb's rotative...
those languages which experience tone terracing, it is in addition required in order to maintain the tonal distinctions of the language. Upstep v t e...
comprehension by the other party. Phonological hierarchy Tone terracing Upstep Nespor, Marina; Vogel, Irene (2012). Prosodic Phonology. Berlin: de Gruyter...
break) ⟨↗, ↘⟩ for global rise and fall of pitch ⟨ꜜ, ꜛ⟩ for downstep and upstep Tone, which had been indicated with an iconic line preceding the syllable...
in a High tone being realised lower than a preceding High tone), and an upstep is also found. The "rising feature" of Mid may be related to the fact that...
when it occurs between two high tones, it downsteps the following tone: Upstep, which is less commonly phonemic. Yip 2002, p. 148. Beckman & Pierrehumbert...
raised high (R). The tone system also has three features: downstep (!), upstep (^) and latent low (‘ placed before the word). Rules for the operation of...
program, initially funded by the National Science Foundation, called Iowa UPSTEP. During Penick's years at the University of Iowa, the department of science...
only created through sandhi changes that affect some vocabulary after an "upstep". According to W.E. Welmers, this sandhi change does not occur, and if it...
Global Information