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Universal hashing information


In mathematics and computing, universal hashing (in a randomized algorithm or data structure) refers to selecting a hash function at random from a family of hash functions with a certain mathematical property (see definition below). This guarantees a low number of collisions in expectation, even if the data is chosen by an adversary. Many universal families are known (for hashing integers, vectors, strings), and their evaluation is often very efficient. Universal hashing has numerous uses in computer science, for example in implementations of hash tables, randomized algorithms, and cryptography.

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Universal hashing

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computing, universal hashing (in a randomized algorithm or data structure) refers to selecting a hash function at random from a family of hash functions...

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List of hash functions

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a checksum. Hash function security summary Secure Hash Algorithms NIST hash function competition Key derivation functions (category) "Hash functions"....

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Hash function

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stores a 64-bit hashed representation of the board position. A universal hashing scheme is a randomized algorithm that selects a hashing function h among...

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Hash table

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hashing by division, hashing by multiplication, universal hashing, dynamic perfect hashing, and static perfect hashing.: 2  However, hashing by division is...

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Message authentication code

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on universal hashing. Intrinsically keyed hash algorithms such as SipHash are also by definition MACs; they can be even faster than universal-hashing based...

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UMAC

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based on universal hashing, or UMAC, is a type of message authentication code (MAC) calculated choosing a hash function from a class of hash functions...

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Double hashing

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Double hashing is a computer programming technique used in conjunction with open addressing in hash tables to resolve hash collisions, by using a secondary...

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Hash collision

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Kline, Robert. "Closed Hashing". CSC241 Data Structures and Algorithms. West Chester University. Retrieved 2022-04-06. "Open hashing or separate chaining"...

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Cryptographic nonce

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zeroes, by hashing the same input with a large number of values until a "desirable" hash was obtained. Similarly, the Bitcoin blockchain hashing algorithm...

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Cryptographic hash function

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password hashing is performed; original passwords cannot be recalculated from the stored hash value. However, use of standard cryptographic hash functions...

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Tabulation hashing

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In computer science, tabulation hashing is a method for constructing universal families of hash functions by combining table lookup with exclusive or...

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Static hashing

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Static hashing is a form of hashing where lookups are performed on a finalized dictionary set (all objects in the dictionary are final and not changing)...

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MinHash

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computer science and data mining, MinHash (or the min-wise independent permutations locality sensitive hashing scheme) is a technique for quickly estimating...

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Zobrist hashing

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Zobrist hashing is the first known instance of tabulation hashing. The result is a 3-wise independent hash family. In particular, it is strongly universal. As...

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Poly1305

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Poly1305 is a universal hash family designed by Daniel J. Bernstein for use in cryptography. As with any universal hash family, Poly1305 can be used as...

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Rolling hash

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A rolling hash (also known as recursive hashing or rolling checksum) is a hash function where the input is hashed in a window that moves through the input...

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Dynamic perfect hashing

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perfect hashing is a programming technique for resolving collisions in a hash table data structure. While more memory-intensive than its hash table counterparts...

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Prime number

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frequently used for hash tables. For instance the original method of Carter and Wegman for universal hashing was based on computing hash functions by choosing...

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VMAC

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Authentication Code using Universal Hashing". CFRG Working Group. IETF. Retrieved 2010-08-12. J. Carter; M. Wegman (1977). "Universal classes of hash functions (Extended...

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Linear probing

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hash function when integrated with all hashing schemes, i.e., producing the highest throughputs and also of good quality" whereas tabulation hashing produced...

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Leftover hash lemma

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_{v}\left|\Pr[X=v]-\Pr[Y=v]\right|\leq 1} is a statistical distance between X and Y. Universal hashing Min-entropy Rényi entropy Information-theoretic security Impagliazzo...

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Hopscotch hashing

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hopscotch hashing, as in cuckoo hashing, and unlike in linear probing, a given item will always be inserted-into and found-in the neighborhood of its hashed bucket...

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Randomized algorithm

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used by the algorithm, such as the pairwise independence used in universal hashing the use of expander graphs (or dispersers in general) to amplify a...

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List of terms relating to algorithms and data structures

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state expandable hashing expander graph exponential extended binary tree extended Euclidean algorithm extended k-d tree extendible hashing external index...

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