United Brick and Clay Workers of America information
Trade union
The United Brick and Clay Workers of America (UBCWA) was a labor union representing brickmakers, clay and terracotta workers and clay miners in the United States.
The union was founded on May 18, 1894, to represent brickmakers. In 1896, it was chartered by the American Federation of Labor as the National Brick Makers' Alliance. In 1901, it absorbed several smaller unions and became the International Brick, Tile and Terra Cotta Workers' Alliance. In 1913, a group split away, and soon formed the United Brick and Clay Workers of America. This rejoined in 1917, and the original union adopted the name of its former breakaway.[1][2]
By 1953, the union had 23,000 members.[3] It affiliated to the AFL–CIO in 1955, but by 1980 its membership had fallen to 15,000.[4] On August 5, 1981, it merged with the Aluminum Workers' International Union, to form the Aluminum, Brick and Clay Workers' International Union.[1]
^ ab"Inactive Organizations" (PDF). UMD Labor Collections. University of Maryland. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
^Handbook of American Trade Unions(PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Labor. 1926. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
^Directory of Labor Unions in the United States(PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Labor. 1953. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
^Directory of National Unions and Employee Associations(PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Labor. 1980. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
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(attributed mostly to clay minerals), and 0.5–2% iron oxide. Diatomaceous earth consists of the fossilized remains of diatoms, a type of hard-shelled microalgae...
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people built dwellings of adobe, a sun-dried claybrick, with exposed wooden ceiling beams. Their cubic form and dense arrangement gave villages a singular...
animal dung. Pre-historic men also used bricksand lime plaster as building materials. For example, mud bricksandclay mortar dated to 9000 BC were found...
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