Unified Deep Water System of European Russia information
System of inland waterways in Russia
The Unified Deep Water System of European Russia (Russian: Единая глубоководная система Европейской части Российской Федерации, romanized: Yedinaya glubokovodnaya sistema Yevropeyskoy chasti Rossiyskoy Federatsii) or UDWS (Russian: ЕГС) is a system of inland waterways in Russia linking the White Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Volga River, Moscow, the Caspian Sea and—via the Sea of Azov—the Black Sea.[1] In 2010, UDWS carried 70 million tons of cargo and 12 million passengers, making up two-thirds of overall inland waterway traffic volume in Russia.[2] There are 60 common-use ports and quays in the UDWS,[2] including three international ports (two in Moscow and one in Dmitrov, Moscow Oblast), so Moscow is sometimes called "the port of the five seas".
The depth is mostly guaranteed at only 4 metres (13 ft) and some sections are even shallower, such as Gorodets–Nizhny Novgorod at 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) and Kochetovsky Bagayevskaya at 3.2 metres (10 ft). There are plans to increase depth of these sections to 4 m.[2]
The system includes these waterways:
Neva River
Lake Ladoga
Svir River
Lake Onega
Volga–Baltic Waterway — connects Lake Onega to the Volga River; built in the early 19th century as Mariinsk Canal System and rebuilt in 1956–1964 (ships 210x17.6x4m)[citation needed]
White Sea–Baltic Canal — connects Lake Onega to the White Sea; constructed in 1931–1933 (ships 135x14.3x3.5 m)
Moscow Canal — connects Moscow to the Volga River; constructed in 1932–1937 (ships 290x30x5.5m)
Volga River
Kama River
Belaya River
Volga–Don Canal — connects the Volga River to the Don River; constructed in 1948–1952 (ships 141x16.8x3.6)
Don River
^Larousse, Éditions. "système des Cinq-Mers - LAROUSSE" [System of the five seas]. www.larousse.fr (in French). Retrieved 31 March 2024.
^ abc"Единая глубоководная система России и проблемы повышения эффективности ее использования" [Unified deep-water system of Russia and problems of increasing the efficiency of its use] (PDF). Транспорт Российской Федерации (Transport of the Russian Federation). 2011.
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