Twelve Tribes communities information

Twelve Tribes
Twelve Tribes
Classification	Messianic Judaism; Christian fundamentalism;
Structure	Apostolic Council
Region	North America, South America, Western Europe, Australia
Founder	Elbert "Gene" Spriggs
Origin	1972 ; Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States
Members	2,500–3,000
Official website	twelvetribes.org

A Twelve Tribes dance

The Twelve Tribes, formerly known as the Vine Christian Community Church,^[5] the Northeast Kingdom Community Church,^[6] the Messianic Communities,^[6] and the Community Apostolic Order,^[7] is a new religious movement^[7]^: 155 founded by Gene Spriggs that sprang out of the Jesus movement in 1972 in Chattanooga, Tennessee.^[2] The group calls itself an attempt to recreate the 1st-century church as it is described in the Book of Acts.^[2] The group's origins in Chattanooga led to planted churches in surrounding areas. In the late seventies, the group began a community in Island Pond, Vermont. As their relationship with the Chattanooga community deteriorated, the group eventually left Tennessee and moved primarily to Vermont.

The Twelve Tribes's beliefs resemble those of Christian fundamentalism, the Hebrew Roots movement, Messianic Judaism, and the Sacred Name Movement; however, the group believes that all other denominations are fallen, and it therefore refuses to align itself with any denomination or movement. The group has strict courtship rules, and their views on child rearing have been a source of controversy. The group supports itself through the operation of several businesses, most of which revolve around agriculture, as well as cafés and restaurants, all using unpaid and often child labor.^[8]

The group has ignited controversy and garnered unfavorable attention regarding their child labor practices and accusations of abuse. They have been criticized for their beliefs and practices, including for their supremacist views towards black and Jewish people outside of their membership. The group's teachings have been characterized as "racist, misogynistic and homophobic", and ex-members report excessive corporal punishment, failure to stop child sexual abuse, and exploitation of followers for labor.^[9] Some governments and advocacy groups have labeled the group a cult.^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]

^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference palmerraising was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c Barna, Mark (January 2, 2009). "Twelve Tribes living as one". The Gazette (Colorado Springs). Freedom Communications. Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved January 13, 2022.
^ Cite error: The named reference Festival was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Legere, Christine (June 4, 2009). "Sect to increase holdings Plan would link harbor, downtown". The Boston Globe. p. 2. Retrieved November 4, 2009.
^ "Church to sell Yellow Delis, other properties and relocate". Chattanooga Times. WEHCO Media. March 26, 1979.
^ ^a ^b Palmer, Susan J. (1998). "Chapter 9: Apostates and Their Role in the Construction of Grievance Claims Against the Northeast Kingdom/Messianic Communities". In Bromley, David G. (ed.). The Politics of Religious Apostasy: The Role of Apostates in the Transformation of Religious Movements. Praeger Publishing. pp. 187–204. ISBN 0-275-95508-7.
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference childNR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Bradbury was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Twelve Tribes: A Black father's struggle to pull his child from the racist cult". The Mercury News. March 8, 2022. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
^ Cite error: The named reference Lewiscultsectsnrm was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference mediacovraid was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Inside an American white supremacist cult". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
^ Cite error: The named reference amc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[palmerraising-1] Cite error: The named reference palmerraising was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Livingasone-3] Barna, Mark (January 2, 2009). "Twelve Tribes living as one". The Gazette (Colorado Springs). Freedom Communications. Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved January 13, 2022.

[Festival-4] Cite error: The named reference Festival was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Waterfront-5] Legere, Christine (June 4, 2009). "Sect to increase holdings Plan would link harbor, downtown". The Boston Globe. p. 2. Retrieved November 4, 2009.

[Vine_Church-6] "Church to sell Yellow Delis, other properties and relocate". Chattanooga Times. WEHCO Media. March 26, 1979.

[Palmer1998-7] Palmer, Susan J. (1998). "Chapter 9: Apostates and Their Role in the Construction of Grievance Claims Against the Northeast Kingdom/Messianic Communities". In Bromley, David G. (ed.). The Politics of Religious Apostasy: The Role of Apostates in the Transformation of Religious Movements. Praeger Publishing. pp. 187–204. ISBN 0-275-95508-7.

[childNR-8] Cite error: The named reference childNR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Bradbury-9] Cite error: The named reference Bradbury was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[10] "Twelve Tribes: A Black father's struggle to pull his child from the racist cult". The Mercury News. March 8, 2022. Retrieved September 9, 2023.

[Lewiscultsectsnrm-11] Cite error: The named reference Lewiscultsectsnrm was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[mediacovraid-12] Cite error: The named reference mediacovraid was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:0-13] "Inside an American white supremacist cult". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 28, 2020.

[amc-14] Cite error: The named reference amc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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Twelve Tribes

Classification	Messianic Judaism^[a] Christian fundamentalism^[1]
Structure	Apostolic Council^[2]
Region	North America, South America, Western Europe, Australia^[3]
Founder	Elbert "Gene" Spriggs
Origin	1972 Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States
Members	2,500–3,000^[4]
Official website	twelvetribes.org