Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere program information
Study (1985–1994)
For other uses, see Toga (disambiguation).
The Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere program (TOGA) was a ten-year study (1985–1994) of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) aimed specifically at the prediction of climate phenomena on time scales of months to years.
TOGA emphasized the tropical oceans and their relationship to the global atmosphere. Underlying TOGA is the premise that the dynamic adjustment of the ocean in the tropics is far more rapid than at higher latitudes. Thus disturbances emanating from the western Pacific Ocean (such as El Niño) may propagate across the basin on time scales of weeks compared to years for corresponding basin-wide propagation at higher latitudes. The significance of shorter dynamic times scales near the equator is that they are similar to those of highly energetic atmospheric modes. This similarity allows the formation of coupled modes between the ocean and the atmosphere. TOGA was instrumental in developing a comprehensive observing system for the equatorial Pacific Ocean and laid important groundwork for ENSO prediction, data assimilation and understanding of air-sea interaction.
and 25 Related for: Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere program information
warms from sunlight, warming the lower atmosphere. Carbon dioxide, the primary greenhouse gas driving global warming, has grown by about 50% and is at...
the beginning of the TropicalAtmosphereOcean, TAO, array. In 1984, the TropicalOcean-GlobalAtmosphereprogram (TOGA) program began. The Arctic Report...
example in its TropicalOceansGlobalAtmosphereprogram (TOGA), the Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) program, and the Global Energy and Water...
human-induced climate change. Tropical cyclones use warm, moist air as their source of energy or fuel. As climate change is warming ocean temperatures, there is...
strong tropical cyclone that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean or northeastern Pacific Ocean, and a typhoon occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. In the...
trends in the Earth's atmosphere. It arose out of concerns for the state of the atmosphere in the 1960s. The GlobalAtmosphere Watch's mission is quite...
carbon dioxide that is in the atmosphere. This causes the pH value of the seawater to drop. Scientists estimate that the ocean absorbs about 25% of all human-caused...
moving substances through the Earth's crust between rocks, soil, ocean and atmosphere. Humans have disturbed the carbon cycle for many centuries. They...
dead organic matter.[globalize] Carbon offset programs are planting millions of fast-growing trees per year to reforest tropical lands. [citation needed]...
Neil J.; Hunter, John R. (2006). "Sea-level rise at tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean islands". Global and Planetary Change. 53 (3): 155–168. Bibcode:2006GPC...
Tropical cyclogenesis is the development and strengthening of a tropical cyclone in the atmosphere. The mechanisms through which tropical cyclogenesis...
Mediterranean, and the Southern Ocean all recorded their highest heat observations for more than sixty years of global measurements. Ocean heat content and sea level...
The ocean temperature plays a crucial role in the global climate system, ocean currents and for marine habitats. It varies depending on depth, geographical...
Atlantic ocean". Study of Ocean and Atmosphere Interaction Processes. Moscow Department of Gidrometeoizdat (in Mandarin): 125–9. The globalocean conveyor...
over the ocean. Tropical cyclones can also cause a cool wake. This is due to turbulent mixing of the upper 30 metres (100 ft) of the ocean. Sea surface...
consensus, where it is "unequivocal that human influence has warmed the atmosphere, ocean and land since pre-industrial times.": 3 This consensus is supported...
1959 and observational work carried on until 1965. TOGA the TropicalOcean-GlobalAtmosphere Study (TOGA) was coordinated by the World Climate Research...
equations are the basis for computer programs used to simulate the Earth's atmosphere or oceans. Atmospheric and oceanic GCMs (AGCM and OGCM) are key components...
filament of concentrated moisture in the atmosphere. Other names for this phenomenon are tropical plume, tropical connection, moisture plume, water vapor...
Global Information