"Fall of Troy" redirects here. For the American band, see The Fall of Troy (band). For other uses, see The Fall of Troy (disambiguation).
Trojan War
Achilles tending the wounded Patroclus (Attic red-figure kylix, c. 500 BC)
Literary sources
Iliad
Epic Cycle
Aeneid, Book 2
Iphigenia in Aulis
Philoctetes
Ajax
The Trojan Women
Posthomerica
See also: Trojan War in literature and the arts
Episodes
Judgement of Paris
Seduction of Helen
Trojan Horse
Sack of Troy
The Returns
Wanderings of Odysseus
Aeneas and the Founding of Rome
Greeks and allies
Agamemnon
Achilles
Helen
Menelaus
Nestor
Odysseus
Ajax
Diomedes
Patroclus
Thersites
Achaeans
Myrmidons
See also: Achaean Leaders, Catalogue of Ships
Trojans and allies
Priam
Hecuba
Hector
Paris
Cassandra
Andromache
Aeneas
Memnon
Troilus
Penthesilea and the Amazons
Sarpedon
See also: Trojan Battle Order, Trojan Leaders
Participant gods
Caused the war:
Eris
On the Greek side:
Athena
Hephaestus
Hera
Hermes
Thetis
Poseidon
On the Trojan side:
Aphrodite
Apollo
Ares
Artemis
Leto
Scamander
Zeus
Historicity
Ahhiyawa
Alaksandu
Archaeology of Troy
Attarsiya
Hisarlik
Homeric Question
Late Bronze Age Troy
Manapa-Tarhunta letter
Milawata letter
Tawagalawa letter
Trojan language
Wilusa
See also: Historicity of the Iliad
Related topics
Bronze Age Collapse
Euhemerism
Homeric Question
Mycenae
Mycenaean warfare
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The Trojan War was a legendary conflict in Greek mythology that took place around the 12th or 13th century BCE. The war was waged by the Achaeans (Greeks) against the city of Troy after Paris of Troy took Helen from her husband Menelaus, king of Sparta. The war is one of the most important events in Greek mythology, and it has been narrated through many works of Greek literature, most notably Homer's Iliad. The core of the Iliad (Books II – XXIII) describes a period of four days and two nights in the tenth year of the decade-long siege of Troy; the Odyssey describes the journey home of Odysseus, one of the war's heroes. Other parts of the war are described in a cycle of epic poems, which have survived through fragments. Episodes from the war provided material for Greek tragedy and other works of Greek literature, and for Roman poets including Virgil and Ovid.
The ancient Greeks believed that Troy was located near the Dardanelles and that the Trojan War was a historical event of the 13th or 12th century BC. By the mid-19th century AD, both the war and the city were widely seen as non-historical, but in 1868, the German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann met Frank Calvert, who convinced Schliemann that Troy was at what is now Hisarlık in modern day Turkey.[1] On the basis of excavations conducted by Schliemann and others, this claim is now accepted by most scholars.[2][3]
The historicity of the Trojan War remains an open question. Many scholars believe that there is a historical core to the tale, though this may simply mean that the Homeric stories are a fusion of various tales of sieges and expeditions by Mycenaean Greeks during the Bronze Age. Those who believe that the stories of the Trojan War are derived from a specific historical conflict usually date it to the 12th or 11th century BC, often preferring the dates given by Eratosthenes, 1194–1184 BC, which roughly correspond to archaeological evidence of a catastrophic burning of Troy VII,[4] and the Late Bronze Age collapse.
^Bryce, Trevor (2005). The Trojans and their neighbours. Taylor & Francis. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-415-34959-8.
^Rutter, Jeremy B. "Troy VII and the Historicity of the Trojan War". Archived from the original on 9 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
^In the second edition of his In Search of the Trojan War, Michael Wood notes developments that were made in the intervening ten years since his first edition was published. Scholarly skepticism about Schliemann's identification has been dispelled by the more recent archaeological discoveries, linguistic research, and translations of clay-tablet records of contemporaneous diplomacy. Wood, Michael (1998). "Preface". In Search of the Trojan War (2 ed.). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. p. 4. ISBN 0-520-21599-0. Now, more than ever, in the 125 years since Schliemann put his spade into Hisarlik, there appears to be a historical basis to the tale of Troy
The TrojanWar was a legendary conflict in Greek mythology that took place around the 12th or 13th century BCE. The war was waged by the Achaeans (Greeks)...
the Trojan Horse was a wooden horse said to have been used by the Greeks during the TrojanWar to enter the city of Troy and win the war. The Trojan Horse...
narratives concerning the TrojanWar. * See Catalogue of Ships ** See Trojan Battle Order This table lists characters killed during the war, and who was responsible...
range of ways in which people have represented the TrojanWar in literature and the arts. The pre-war episodes of Leda and the Swan and the Judgement of...
poems, composed in dactylic hexameter and related to the story of the TrojanWar, including the Cypria, the Aethiopis, the so-called Little Iliad, the...
Trojan Women was the third tragedy of a trilogy dealing with the TrojanWar. The first tragedy, Alexandros, was about the recognition of the Trojan prince...
Greek mythology after a figure of the TrojanWar, hence the name "trojan". The total number of Jupiter trojans larger than 1 km in diameter is believed...
"homecoming", which took him ten eventful years after the decade-long TrojanWar. The form Ὀδυσ(σ)εύς Odys(s)eus is used starting in the epic period and...
Sparta. According to the Iliad, the Trojanwar began as a result of Menelaus’s wife, Helen, fleeing to Troy with the Trojan prince Paris. The cuckolded Menelaus...
the TrojanWar along with other deeds of valor Calchas (Κάλχας), a powerful Greek prophet and omen reader, who guided the Greeks through the war with...
In Search of the TrojanWar is a six-part BBC TV documentary series written and presented by Michael Wood, first broadcast in 1985 on BBC2. It examines...
Look up Trojan, Trojans, trojan, tröjan, or tröjans in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Trojan or Trojans may refer to: Of or from the ancient city of...
researchers of the 18th century had largely rejected the story of the TrojanWar as fable, the discoveries made by Heinrich Schliemann at Hisarlik reopened...
Periboea, and the half-brother of Teucer. He plays an important role in the TrojanWar, and is portrayed as a towering figure and a warrior of great courage...
Agamémnōn) was a king of Mycenae who commanded the Achaeans during the TrojanWar. He was the son (or grandson) of King Atreus and Queen Aerope, the brother...
starting in the 18th century BC; eventually the myths of the heroes of the TrojanWar and its aftermath became part of the oral tradition of Homer's epic poems...
loved dearly. Apollo sided with the Trojans during the TrojanWar waged by the Greeks against the Trojans. During the war, the Greek king Agamemnon captured...
romanized: Pátroklos, lit. 'glory of the father') was a Greek hero of the TrojanWar and an important character in Homer's Iliad. Born in Opus, Patroclus was...
(Αχιλλεύς or Αχιλλέας), hero of the TrojanWar and a central character in Homer's Iliad Aeneas (Αινείας), a hero of the TrojanWar and progenitor of the Roman...
be a great war, and that her only son was to die in it if he partook. She tried to prevent him from being called to fight in the TrojanWar by hiding him...
married to King Menelaus. Paris chose Helen, a decision that caused the Trojanwar, and ultimately the destruction of both Paris and his city, Troy. Hera's...