Trobar clus (Occitan pronunciation:[tɾuˈβaˈklys]), or closed form, was a complex and obscure style of poetry used by troubadours for their more discerning audiences, and it was only truly appreciated by an elite few. It was developed extensively by Marcabru and Arnaut Daniel, but by 1200 its inaccessibility had led to its disappearance. Among the imitators of Marcabru were Alegret and Marcoat, who claimed himself to write vers contradizentz (contradictory verses), indicative of the incomprehensibility of the trobar clus style.[1] Below is a sample of the style from Marcoat's sirventesMentre m'obri eis huisel, wherein the poet himself remarks on his moz clus (closed words):
Mon serventes no val plus,
que faitz es de bos moz clus
apren lo, Domeing Sarena.[2]
Among the late twelfth-century practitionars of trobar clus was Peire d'Alvernhe, an imitator of Marcabru, while Raimbaut d'Aurenga of the trobar ric style was influenced by Marcoat. The only trobairitz (female troubadour) to use the trobar clus with mastery was Lombarda around 1216.
trobarclus style. Below is a sample of the style from Marcoat's sirventes Mentre m'obri eis huisel, wherein the poet himself remarks on his moz clus...
satires. Works can be grouped into three styles: the trobar leu (light), trobar ric (rich), and trobarclus (closed). Likewise there were many genres, the most...
or light style of poetry, was the most popular style used by the troubadours. Its accessibility gave it a wide audience. Trobar ric Trobarclus v t e...
Daniel. Despite the fact that it outlasted trobarclus, it always played a secondary role to trobar leu. Trobar leu Trobarclus Cunnan wiki source (GFDL)...
Giraut de Borneill, where major exponents of the two styles extol trobarclus and trobar leu, respectively. Raimbaut de Vaqueiras: Domna tan vos ai preiada...
that exhibits regular structure, such as meter or a rhyming pattern Trobarclus, an allusive and obscure style adopted by some 12th-century troubadours...
d'Alvernhe. He developed a hermetic style, combining elements of the trobar ric and trobarclus. Gavaudan composed two pastorelas customarily dated to around...
poetry is an extreme obscurity of thought and expression, a style called trobarclus ('hermetic verse'). He belonged to one school of troubadour poets that...
Giraut de Borneill, a tenso with Raimbaut d'Aurenga discussing trobarclus versus trobar leu. Be me plairia, senh'en reis, a tenso with king Alfons II...
Marcabru was a powerful influence on later poets who adopted the obscure trobarclus style. Among his patrons were William X of Aquitaine and, probably, Alfonso...
es de bos moz clus apren lo, Domeing Sarena. The meaning of these verses is obscure, as he was an early practitioner of the trobarclus style. According...
responsories. The lyrics are written in a cryptic style, resembling the trobarclus of contemporary troubadours. The songs are arranged hierarchically by...
it rather "stands out for his refined lexicon, near to the style of trobarclus and for the wise treatment of figures of speech and metaphors of stylnovistic...
rhyme triple meter triple rhythm triplet tristich tritagonist trivium trobarclus trochee A two-syllable metrical foot with the accent syllable on the...
United States in 1923, also the year of his first collection of poems, TrobarClus (the first book put out by the S4N Society). Malcolm Cowley introduces...
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