Tribal sovereignty in the United States information
Type of political status of Native Americans
Indian reservations
Also known as:
Domestic dependent nation
Category
Autonomous administrative divisions
Location
United States
Created
1658 (Powhatan Tribes)
Number
326[1] (map includes the 310 as of May 1996)
Populations
123 (several) – 173,667 (Navajo Nation)[2]
Areas
Ranging from the 1.32-acre (0.534 hectare) Pit River Tribe's cemetery in California to the 16 million–acre (64,750 square kilometer) Navajo Nation Reservation located in Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah[1]
This article is part of a series on
Political divisions of the United States
First level
State (Commonwealth)
Federal district
Territory (Commonwealth)
Indian reservation (list) / Hawaiian home land / Alaska Native tribal entity / Pueblo / Off-reservation trust land / Tribal Jurisdictional Area
Second level
County / Parish / Borough
Unorganized Borough / Census area / Villages / District (USVI) / District (AS)
Consolidated city-county
Independent city
Municipality
Unorganized atoll
State-recognized tribes
Third level
Township
Cities, towns, and villages
Coterminous municipality
Census-designated place
Barrio
Chapter
Fourth level
Ward
Other areas
Protected areas (Conservation district, National monument, National park)
Congressional district
Special district (school district)
Homeowner association
Associated state
Military base
Federal enclave
Unincorporated area
Ghost town
United States portal
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Map of the contiguous United States with reservation lands excluded as of 2003Reservation lands in the contiguous United States as of 2019
Tribal sovereignty in the United States is the concept of the inherent authority of Indigenous tribes to govern themselves within the borders of the United States.
Originally, the U.S. federal government recognized American Indian tribes as independent nations and came to policy agreements with them via treaties. As the U.S. accelerated its westward expansion, internal political pressure grew for "Indian removal", but the pace of treaty-making grew regardless. The Civil War forged the U.S. into a more centralized and nationalistic country, fueling a "full bore assault on tribal culture and institutions", and pressure for Native Americans to assimilate.[3] In the Indian Appropriations Act of 1871, Congress prohibited any future treaties. This move was steadfastly opposed by Native Americans.[3]
Currently, the U.S. recognizes tribal nations as "domestic dependent nations"[4] and uses its own legal system to define the relationship between the federal, state, and tribal governments.
^ ab"Frequently Asked Questions, Bureau of Indian Affairs". Department of the Interior. Retrieved August 8, 2015.
^"Navajo Population Profile 2010 U.S. Census" (PDF). Retrieved October 7, 2018.
^ ab"1871: The End of Indian Treaty-Making". NMAI Magazine. Retrieved July 11, 2020.
^"Native American Policies". U.S. Department of Justice. June 16, 2014. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
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