Conflict between Moldova and its breakaway region of Transnistria since 1990
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Transnistria conflict
Part of the post-Soviet conflicts
Moldova
Transnistria
Date
2 September 1990 – present (33 years, 8 months and 3 days)
Location
Moldovan eastern bank of the Dniester, the city of Bender (Tighina) and some villages at the western bank of the Dniester (Chițcani, Cremenciug, Gîsca).
Status
Ongoing; frozen conflict
Territorial changes
De facto independence of the Moldovan eastern bank of the Dniester as Transnistria
Transnistria gains control of Tighina (Bender) and some villages at the west bank of the Dniester
Moldova retains direct control of some villages at the east bank of the Dniester
Establishment of the autonomous Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester in 2005, encompassing all lands at the eastern bank of the Dniester, but not those at the western bank of it, controlled by Transnistria
Belligerents
Moldova
Supported by:
Romania (military and diplomatic support)[1][2]
Ukraine (diplomatic support,[3][4] military support offered if requested by Moldova[5])
Transnistria
Supported by:
/Russia (military and diplomatic support)[6][7][8]
Ukraine (only during the Transnistria War)[9]
Politics of Transnistria
Constitution
Executive
President Vadim Krasnoselsky
Prime Minister Aleksandr Martynov
Legislature
Supreme Council
Speaker Alexander Korshunov
Political parties
Elections
Recent elections
Presidential: 2016
2021
Parliamentary: 2015
2020
Referendums
Administrative divisions
Five Raions
One Municipality
Foreign relations
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Minister: Vitaly Ignatyev
Human rights in Transnistria
Politics of Moldova
Transnistria conflict
Transnistria War
Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria
Passport
Visa requirements
Visa policy
Diplomatic missions of / in Transnistria
Other countries
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The Transnistria conflict (Romanian: Conflictul din Transnistria; Russian: Приднестровский конфликт, romanized: Pridnestrovsky konflikt; Ukrainian: Придністровський конфлікт, romanized: Prydnistrovskyi konflikt) is an ongoing frozen conflict between Moldova and the unrecognized state of Transnistria. Its most active phase was the Transnistria War. There have been several attempts to resolve the conflict, although none have been successful.[10][11] The conflict may be considered as having started on 2 September 1990, when Transnistria made a formal sovereignty declaration from Moldova (then part of the Soviet Union).[12]
Transnistria is internationally recognized as a part of Moldova. It has diplomatic recognition only from two Russian separatist states: Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
^Adam, Vlad (2017). Romanian involvement in the Transnistrian War (Thesis). Leiden University. pp. 1–31.
^"Iohannis: Națiunile Unite nu trebuie să tolereze conflictul din Transnistria". Agora (in Romanian). 29 September 2015.
^"Ukraine's stance on Transnistria remains unchanged – Zelensky". Ukrinform. 12 January 2021.
^"Ukraine helps Moldova regain control over border in Transnistrian region". Euromaidan Press. 21 July 2017.
^Ioniță, Tudor (27 April 2022). "VIDEO // Arestovici: Ucraina poate rezolva problema transnistreană "cât ai pocni din degete", dar trebuie ca R. Moldova să-i ceară ajutorul". Deschide.MD (in Romanian).
^O'Reilly, Kieran; Higgins, Noelle (2008). "The role of the Russian Federation in the Pridnestrovian conflict: an international humanitarian law perspective". Irish Studies in International Affairs. 19. Royal Irish Academy: 57–72. doi:10.3318/ISIA.2008.19.57. JSTOR 25469836. S2CID 154866746.
^Munteanu, Anatol (2020). "The hybrid warfare triggered by Russian Federation in the Republic of Moldova". Editura Academiei Oamenilor de Știință din România. 12 (1): 129–162.
^"Russia defends "peacekeepers" the new Moldovan president wants out". Polygraph.info. 7 December 2020.
^Kosienkowski, Marcin; Schreiber, William (8 May 2012). Moldova: Arena of International Influences. Lexington. ISBN 9780739173923. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
^Cojocaru, Natalia (2006). "Nationalism and identity in Transnistria". Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research. 19 (3–4): 261–272. doi:10.1080/13511610601029813. S2CID 53474094.
^Roper, Steven D. (2001). "Regionalism in Moldova: the case of Transnistria and Gagauzia". Regional & Federal Studies. 11 (3): 101–122. doi:10.1080/714004699. S2CID 154516934.
^Blakkisrud, Helge; Kolstø, Pål (2013). "From secessionist conflict toward a functioning state: processes of state- and nation-building in Transnistria". Post-Soviet Affairs. 27 (2): 178–210. doi:10.2747/1060-586X.27.2.178. S2CID 143862872.
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