Tranexamic acid is a medication used to treat or prevent excessive blood loss from major trauma, postpartum bleeding, surgery, tooth removal, nosebleeds, and heavy menstruation.[6][7] It is also used for hereditary angioedema.[6][2] It is taken either by mouth]] or by injection into a vein.[6]
Tranexamic acid is a synthetic analog of the amino acid lysine. It serves as an antifibrinolytic by reversibly binding four to five lysine receptor sites on plasminogen. This decreases the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, preventing fibrin degradation and preserving the framework of fibrin's matrix structure.[4] Tranexamic acid has roughly eight times the antifibrinolytic activity of an older analogue, ε-aminocaproic acid.[citation needed] Tranexamic acid also directly inhibits the activity of plasmin with weak potency (IC50 = 87 mM),[8] and it can block the active-site of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) with high specificity (Ki = 2 mM), one of the highest among all the serine proteases.[9]
Side effects are rare.[2] Some include changes in color vision, seizures, blood clots, and allergic reactions.[2] Tranexamic acid appears to be safe for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.[2][10] Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic medication.[11]
Tranexamic acid was first made in 1962 by Japanese researchers Shosuke and Utako Okamoto.[12] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[13] Tranexamic acid is available as a generic drug.[14]
^"Prescription medicines: registration of new generic medicines and biosimilar medicines, 2017". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 21 June 2022. Archived from the original on 6 July 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
^ abcde"Cyklokapron Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC)". emc. September 2016. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
^"Evana Heavy Period Relief Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 24 April 2024. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
^ abCite error: The named reference Lysteda FDA label was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^会議事録 [Minutes of the meeting]. 薬事・食品衛生審議会一般用医薬品部会 (in Japanese). 22 March 2007. Archived from the original on 7 September 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
^ abcBritish national formulary: BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. p. 170. ISBN 978-0-85711-156-2.
^Shakur H, Roberts I, Fawole B, Chaudhri R, El-Sheikh M, Akintan A, et al. (WOMAN Trial Collaborators) (2017). "Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial". Lancet. 389 (10084): 2105–2116. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30638-4. PMC 5446563. PMID 28456509.
^Law RH, Wu G, Leung EW, Hidaka K, Quek AJ, Caradoc-Davies TT, et al. (2017). "X-ray crystal structure of plasmin with tranexamic acid-derived active site inhibitors". Blood Advances. 1 (12): 766–771. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2016004150. PMC 5728053. PMID 29296720.
^Wu G, Mazzitelli BA, Quek AJ, Veldman MJ, Conroy PJ, Caradoc-Davies TT, et al. (2019). "Tranexamic acid is an active site inhibitor of urokinase plasminogen activator". Blood Advances. 3 (5): 729–733. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2018025429. PMC 6418500. PMID 30814058.
^"Tranexamic acid Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
^"Tranexamic Acid Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
^World Health Organization (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/371090. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
^Hamilton R (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 415. ISBN 978-1-284-05756-0.
Tranexamicacid is a medication used to treat or prevent excessive blood loss from major trauma, postpartum bleeding, surgery, tooth removal, nosebleeds...
of the nose. If this is not sufficient, nasal packing may be used. Tranexamicacid may also be helpful. If bleeding episodes continue, endoscopy is recommended...
of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Erythromycin is similar. A 4.8% tranexamicacid solution is sometimes used as an antifibrinolytic mouthwash to prevent...
saline, and topical vasoconstrictors such as adrenaline or vasopressin. Tranexamicacid was proved to improve in-hospital mortality. Selective bronchial intubation...
risk of harm to the fetus. Azelaic acid (20%) is thought to decrease the activity of melanocytes. Tranexamicacid by mouth has shown to provide rapid...
concentrate, factor XIII, and fibrinogen Fibrinogen with tranexamicacid The use of tranexamicacid is the only option that is currently supported by a large...
Heinz Redl (April 2002). "TranexamicAcid, a Widely Used Antifibrinolytic Agent, Causes Convulsions by a γ-Aminobutyric AcidA Receptor Antagonistic Effect"...
garment to help until other measures such as surgery can be carried out. Tranexamicacid has also been shown to reduce the risk of death, and has been recommended...
inhibitors of fibrinolysis. Examples include aminocaproic acid (ε-aminocaproic acid) and tranexamicacid. These lysine-like drugs interfere with the formation...
prescribed for menorrhagia. In a 10-year study, mefenamic acid and other oral medicines (tranexamicacid) were as effective as the levonorgestrel intrauterine...
elective surgery. The CRASH-2 study was a randomized control trial of tranexamicacid versus placebo in trauma has been shown to decrease overall mortality...
quality of life. Initial treatment often involve birth control pills. Tranexamicacid, danazol, progesterone IUDs, and NSAIDs are also helpful. Surgery can...
Japanese medical doctor working as a medical scientist who discovered tranexamicacid in the 1950s in her quest to find a drug that would treat bleeding...
stopped by various techniques. Proton pump inhibitors are often used. Tranexamicacid may also be useful. Procedures (such as TIPS for variceal bleeding)...
products are only available for general use in South Africa and Russia. Tranexamicacid decreases death in people who are having ongoing bleeding due to trauma...
compared to other antifibrinolytic drugs (epsilon-aminocaproic acid and tranexamicacid) aprotinin may increase the risk of death. On October 29, 2006...
hormonal birth control, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, tranexamicacid, NSAIDs, and surgery such as endometrial ablation or hysterectomy....
necessary. First-line options include the antifibrinolytics tranexamicacid or aminocaproic acid. Estrogens can be used to stop bleeding from angiodysplasia...
moist, and by applying saline solution, estrogen-containing creams or tranexamicacid; these have few side effects and may have a small degree of benefit...
mixing study.[citation needed] In terms of haemophilia C medication tranexamicacid is often used for both treatment after an incident of bleeding and...
fibrinolysis and may be treated with an antifibrinolytic, such as tranexamicacid or aminocaproic acid, in the appropriate clinical setting. A single, modified...
mesna), vaginal insertion of dinoprostone, a gelatin–thrombin matrix, tranexamicacid, infusion of vitamin C, infiltration of a mixture of bupivacaine and...
be used routinely. To reduce bleeding during and after a procedure, tranexamicacid, both as a rinse or administered orally, can be used. Patients undergoing...
prevented and treated by administering antifibrinolytic medication such as tranexamicacid via the oral or parenteral route. Intensive care and blood product...
immediate clinical importance. There is tentative evidence of benefit for tranexamicacid which inhibits clot breakdown. Somatostatin and octreotide, while recommended...
of benefit of tranexamicacid in melasma, while another 2017 review found that evidence to support its use was insufficient. Azelaic acid may be a second-line...
nonhistaminergic angioedema, antifibrinolytics such as tranexamicacid or ε-aminocaproic acid may be effective. Cinnarizine may also be useful because...
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