Global InformationTraditional Phenological Knowledge information
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Traditional Phenological Knowledge can be seen as a "subset of Indigenous Knowledge".[1] Traditional Phenological Knowledge (TPK) is the knowledge based on traditional observations made by Indigenous Peoples that predict seasonal changes of nature and their immediate environment.[1][2][3] This can be useful for the management of naturally occurring phenomenon, as well as "adaptive management" such as fire management.[1] TPK is not a novel practice and has been practised for hundreds of years.[2] TPK encompasses history, observations and Traditional Knowledge(TK) or Indigenous Knowledge (IK). Indigenous Knowledge is flexible and always evolves.[3] It considers the past, present and future of environmental and biological generations.[2][1]
TPK is integrative and interactive.[1][3] It falls under the same teachings of Traditional Ecological Knowledge also known as TEK. Both TPK and TEK share close definitions which IK can be an umbrella term.[1] Traditional forms of knowledge are combined with sustainable interaction with the land. Indigenous knowledge creates a relationship that is respectful and symbiotic with the natural world and promotes the existence of passing on hands-on experiences to future generations.[2][1]
Phenology in TPK can be qualitative and quantitative. Observations can be described, passed down by oral histories.[2][1][3] TPK can reinforce what is measured and recorded scientifically. TPK can be a tool to help leverage climate change and biodiversity loss in today's climate crisis.[1][2][4]
TPK can be "direct" or "indirect". Direct observations of phenology in TPK can refer to species signals and timings of secondary species.[1] Direct TPK is translated through the use of belief systems, spirituality, stories, myth and ceremonial events.[1][2] Indirect TPK is passed on through the use of language specifically.[2][1] The use of both direct and indirect embodies, reinforces and defines the values TPK. The observation of nature timings along with stories and beliefs, pass down the knowledge from elders and family members that also contribute to the essence of TPK.[3][2][1]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Armatas, Christopher A.; Venn, Tyron J.; McBride, Brooke B.; Watson, Alan E.; Carver, Steve J. (2016). "Opportunities to utilize traditional phenological knowledge to support adaptive management of social-ecological systems vulnerable to changes in climate and fire regimes". Ecology and Society. 21 (1). doi:10.5751/es-07905-210116. ISSN 1708-3087.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Turner, Nancy J.; Ignace, Marianne Boelscher; Ignace, Ronald (October 2000). "Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Wisdom of Aboriginal Peoples in British Columbia". Ecological Applications. 10 (5): 1275–1287. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1275:tekawo]2.0.co;2. ISSN 1051-0761.
- ^ a b c d e Turner, Nancy J.; Clifton, Helen (May 2009). ""It's so different today": Climate change and indigenous lifeways in British Columbia, Canada". Global Environmental Change. 19 (2): 180–190. Bibcode:2009GEC....19..180T. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.01.005. ISSN 0959-3780.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Herman-Mercer, N. M., Loehman, R. A., Toohey, R. C., & Paniyak, C.-2020was invoked but never defined (see the help page).