Trabutina mannipara, or mana scale, is a species of mealybug found in the Middle East and southern Europe.[1][2] It is the most well-known of the five species in the genus Trabutina, of which it is the type species,[3] due to its association with the biblical story of manna.[4]T. mannipara feeds parasitically on tamarisk trees, and excretes a sweet substance which is sometimes collected for human consumption.[5] Obsolete terms for it include Coccus manniparus and Trabutina palestina.[a] This species can be found in the Sinai[7] and Iraq.[8]
It was described in 1829 by Hemprich and Ehrenberg (as Coccus manniparus),[9] after investigation in the Sinai mountains.[10] Ehrenberg believed that the bite wounds in the tamarisk plant created as the insects fed on the plant caused a sweet sticky substance known locally as "manna", and which Ehrenberg associated with the biblical manna, to flow out of the plant.[5] In 1929, F. S. Bodenheimer found that the manna was in fact produced by the insects themselves,[5] and argued that the description of the sticky substance and its geographical region argued in favor of Ehrenberg's identification with the biblical manna.[11] The identification with biblical manna continues to appear in more recent literature.[12]
T. mannipara, like other mealybugs, is parasitic on plants, and in its excretions is a great deal of undigested material.[13] In the case of mannipara, these excretions are high in sugar.[13]
In the United States, where tamarisks are invasive species, T. mannipara has been tested for possible use in controlling tamarisks.[14]
^D.J. Williams and P. J. Gullan (2010). "Family-group names proposed in the family Pseudococcidae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)".Zootaxa.
^Evelyna M. Danzig and Douglass R. Miller (1996). "A Systematic Revision of the Mealybug Genus Trabutina (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae)." Israel Journal of Entomology, XXX. p. 7.
^ abcR.A. Donkin (1 December 2013). Manna: An Historical Geography. Springer. pp. 78–79. ISBN 978-94-017-6117-8.
^Joseph Seckbach; Zvy Dubinsky (11 October 2010). All Flesh Is Grass: Plant-Animal Interrelationships. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 111. ISBN 978-90-481-9316-5.
^Jolivet (1 January 1992). Insects and Plants: Parallel Evolution & Adaptations, Second Edition. CRC Press. p. 119. ISBN 978-1-877743-10-8.
^Masumeh Moghaddam (23 September 2013). An Annotated Checklist of the Scale Insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with New Records and Distribution Data. PenSoft Publishers LTD. p. 74. ISBN 978-954-642-702-1.
^M. Bertholet (1862). "On the Manna of Sinai, and the Manna of Syria". The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions. Second Series, Volume 3. p. 274.
^S. Mark Henry (17 September 2013). Symbiosis: Associations of Invertebrates, Birds, Ruminants, and Other Biota. Elsevier. p. 120. ISBN 978-1-4832-7592-5.
^M. Mani; C. Shivaraju (24 February 2016). Mealybugs and their Management in Agricultural and Horticultural crops. Springer India. p. 138. ISBN 978-81-322-2677-2.
^ abVincent B. Wigglesworth (6 December 2012). The Principles of Insect Physiology. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 497. ISBN 978-94-009-5973-6.
^Moshe Coll; Eric Wajnberg (25 July 2017). Environmental Pest Management: Challenges for Agronomists, Ecologists, Economists and Policymakers. Wiley. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-119-25556-7.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
and 4 Related for: Trabutina mannipara information
Trabutinamannipara, or mana scale, is a species of mealybug found in the Middle East and southern Europe. It is the most well-known of the five species...
Trabutina is a genus of "blue-green" mealybugs, containing five species: T. crassispinosa, T. elastica, T. mannipara, T. serpentina, and T. tenax. This...
a scale insect that feeds on tamarisk, the Tamarisk manna scale (Trabutinamannipara), the secretions of which are often considered to be the prime candidate...
original on 11 April 2024. Retrieved 21 January 2024. Identified as Trabutinamannipara (obs. Coccus manniparus Ehrenberg) by German-born Israeli entomologist...