The Totonacan languages (also known as Totonac–Tepehua languages) are a family of closely related languages spoken by approximately 290,000 Totonac (approx. 280,000) and Tepehua (approx. 10,000) people in the states of Veracruz, Puebla, and Hidalgo in Mexico. At the time of the Spanish conquest Totonacan languages were spoken all along the gulf coast of Mexico.[1]
During the colonial period, Totonacan languages were occasionally written and at least one grammar was produced.[2] In the 20th century the number of speakers of most varieties have dwindled as indigenous identity increasingly became stigmatized encouraging speakers to adopt Spanish as their main language.[3]
The Totonacan languages have only recently been compared to other families on the basis of historical-comparative linguistics, though they share numerous areal features with other languages of the Mesoamerican Linguistic Area, such as the Mayan languages and Nahuatl. Recent work suggests a possible genetic link to the Mixe–Zoque language family,[4] although this has yet to be firmly established.
^Reid & Bishop 1974.
^Anonymous 1990.
^Lam 2009.
^Brown et al. 2011.
and 24 Related for: Totonacan languages information
The Totonacanlanguages (also known as Totonac–Tepehua languages) are a family of closely related languages spoken by approximately 290,000 Totonac (approx...
dialects Na-Dene languages: Lipan, Mezcalero, Chiricahua, Western Apache Language families with all known members in Mexico Totonacanlanguages: Totonac (different...
Mesoamerican languages were written in Latin script. The languages of Mesoamerica belong to 6 major families – Mayan, Oto-Mangue, Mixe–Zoque, Totonacan, Uto-Aztecan...
language isolates by continent Lists of languages List of proposed language families "What are the largest language families?". Ethnologue. May 25, 2019...
hypothesis, which posits links between Mayan, the Mixe–Zoque languages and the Totonacanlanguages, but more research is needed to support or disprove this...
Totozoquean is a proposed language family of Mesoamerica, originally consisting of two well-established genetic groupings, Totonacan and Mixe–Zoque. The erstwhile...
Tepehua, form a small language family. This means that Totonacanlanguages are not related to other Native Mesoamerican languages such as those in the...
languages Yana/Yahi and other Hokan languages Mayan languagesTotonacanlanguages Mixe-Zoquean languages Purépecha language Tequistlatecan languages Huave...
the Totonacanlanguages before the arrival of Nahuatl. Potential Nahuatl loanwords in Mayan languages suggest potential contact during the language's formation...
is a Totonacanlanguage cluster of Mexico, spoken across a number of central Mexican states by the Totonac people. It is a Mesoamerican language and shows...
American language complex spoken in Puebla and Veracruz, Mexico. One of the Totonacanlanguages, it is also known as Highland Totonac. The language is best...
people of Mexico Tepehua languages, belonging to Totonacanlanguages Tepehuán language, belonging to Uto-Aztecan languages This disambiguation page lists...
indigenous languages, it is recognized by a statutory law of Mexico (General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples) as an official language in the...
The Indigenous languages of the Americas are the languages that were used by the Indigenous peoples of the Americas before the arrival of non-Indigenous...
languages of Mesoamerica, which belong to a number of language families, such as Uto-Aztecan, Mayan, Totonacan, Oto-Manguean and Mixe–Zoque languages...
Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez), is a Totonac language of central Mexico. Zihuateutla Totonac may be a separate language. Apapantilla Totonac at Ethnologue (25th...
Papantla Totonac, also known as Lowland Totonac, is a native American language spoken in central Mexico, in the state of Veracruz around the city of Papantla...
and /o/ are only found in loanwords from Spanish and other indigenous languages Filomeno Mata Totonac at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)...
Tlachichilco Tepehua is a Tepehua language of Veracruz, Mexico. The uvular ejective [qʼ] is only phonemically present in other dialects. Rhotic sounds...
candidates such as Totonacan identified as more likely. But recently, evidence from Mayan epigraphy of possible Nahuatl loanwords in Mayan languages has been interpreted...
Languages Families Algonquian languages Athabaskan languages Catawban languages Eskimoan languages Iroquoian languages (Northern) Iroquoian languages...
University of Chicago: 189–218. doi:10.1086/669628. S2CID 147059268. Collections in the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America. v t e v t e...
be considered phonemic. Like other Totonacanlanguages, Upper Necaxa is a highly polysynthetic agglutinating language, making extensive use of both prefixes...
Dené–Yeniseian languages are a recent proposal which has been generally well received, whereas reconstructions of the Proto-World language are often viewed...
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