This article is about the study of place names. For a discussion of the origins of place names themselves, see Place name origins.
"Toponymics" redirects here. Not to be confused with Toponomics.
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Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of toponyms (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage and types.[1][2][3][4] Toponym is the general term for a proper name of any geographical feature,[5] and full scope of the term also includes proper names of all cosmographical features.[6]
In a more specific sense, the term toponymy refers to an inventory of toponyms, while the discipline researching such names is referred to as toponymics or toponomastics.[7] Toponymy is a branch of onomastics, the study of proper names of all kinds.[8] A person who studies toponymy is called toponymist.[1]
^ abPerono Cacciafoco, Francesco; Cavallaro, Francesco Paolo (March 2023). Place Names: Approaches and Perspectives in Toponymy and Toponomastics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108780384.
^Wyrwas, Katarzyna. 5 December 2004. § "Czy nauka zajmująca się nazewnictwem miast to onomastyka? Według jakich kategorii dzieli się pochodzenie nazw? Archived 9 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine [Is science dealing with city names an onomastics? What categories does the origin of names fall into?]." Poradniki Językowe. Katowice, PL: Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach.
^Českʹy jazyk a literatura (in Czech), vol. 11, Státní pedagogické nakl., 1961, p. 176
^Ormeling, F. J. Sr. (16–18 October 1989). "Terms used in geographical names standardization". In Tichelaar, T. R. (ed.). Proceedings of the Workshop on Toponymy held in Cipanas, Indonesia. Cibinong: Bakosurtanal.
^United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names, London, 10–31 May 1972. New York: United Nations Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs. 1974. p. 68.
^Room 1996, p. 13, 23, 27, 62, 80.
^Marulić (in Croatian), vol. 35, Hrvatsko književno društvo sv. Ćirila i Metoda, 2002, p. 1183
^Tent, Jan (2015). "Approaches to Research in Toponymy". Names. 63 (2): 65–74. doi:10.1179/0027773814Z.000000000103. S2CID 144115142.
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Japanese place names include names for geographic features, present and former administrative divisions, transportation facilities such as railroad stations...
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