Police blockade a street during the events of 1910–1911
Date
September 1910 - August 1911
Location
Rhondda, South Wales
Caused by
Lock-out in Penygraig
Goals
Higher wages, better living conditions
Methods
Strike action Rioting
Resulted in
Negotiated end to the strike
Parties
South Wales Miners' Federation
Employers
Naval Colliery Company
Police
Glamorgan Constabulary
Bristol Constabulary
Metropolitan Police Service
Armed forces
British Army
Lancashire Fusiliers
18th Royal Hussars
Lead figures
William Abraham
F. L. Davis Lionel Lindsay Winston Churchill
Number
12,000 miners
Casualties
Death(s)
1 miner
Injuries
80 police and over 500 citizens
Arrested
13 miners
Damage
Private property in Tonypandy
The Miners Strike of 1910-11 was an attempt by miners and their families to improve wages and living conditions in severely deprived parts of South Wales, where wages had been kept deliberately low for many years by a cartel of mine owners.
What became known as the Tonypandy riots[1] of 1910 and 1911 (sometimes collectively known as the Rhondda riots) were a series of violent confrontations between the striking coal miners and police that took place at various locations in and around the Rhondda mines of the Cambrian Combine, a cartel of mining companies formed to regulate prices and wages in South Wales.
The disturbances and the confrontations were the culmination of the industrial dispute between workers and the mine owners. The term "Tonypandy riot" initially applied to specific events on the evening of Tuesday, 8 November 1910, when strikers smashed windows of businesses in Tonypandy. There was hand-to-hand fighting between the strikers and the Glamorgan Constabulary, which was reinforced by the Bristol Constabulary.[2]
Home Secretary Winston Churchill's decision to allow the British Army to be sent to the area to reinforce the police shortly after 8 November riot caused much ill feeling towards him in South Wales.[3] His responsibility remains a strongly disputed topic.[4]
^Evans, Gwyn; Maddox, David (2010). The Tonypandy Riots 1910–11. Plymouth: University of Plymouth Press. ISBN 978-1-84102-270-3.
^Tonypandy heritage Archived 20 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine Rhondda Cynon Taf Council
^Williamson, David (13 January 2018). "The towns in Wales where Churchill was loathed". WalesOnline. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
^Langworth, Richard (26 May 2015). "Churchill, Troops & Strikers". Retrieved 14 February 2019.
owners. What became known as the Tonypandyriots of 1910 and 1911 (sometimes collectively known as the Rhondda riots) were a series of violent confrontations...
mining town, the town was the scene of the 1910 Tonypandyriots. The community boundaries of Tonypandy are drawn relatively tightly around the central...
imprisoned for six weeks. In November 1910, Churchill had to deal with the Tonypandyriots, in which coal miners in the Rhondda Valley violently protested against...
Grant adopts the term "Tonypandy" to describe widely believed historical myths, such as the supposed shootings at the TonypandyRiots and believes popular...
who already held a dislike of him following his intervention in the Tonypandyriots and the 1926 United Kingdom general strike which Bevan considered heavy...
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and community (and electoral ward) in Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, near Tonypandy in the Rhondda Fawr Valley. Before 1850 a lightly populated rural farming...
the 1910–1911 Tonypandyriots. A year later Tonypandy saw the publication of Noah Ablett's pamphlet "The Miners' Next Step". Tonypandy was at the centre...
agitation included the 1911 Liverpool general transport strike, the Tonypandyriots, the National coal strike of 1912 and the 1913 Dublin lockout. It was...
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one of New York City's earliest opera houses. During the New York Draft Riots, Jerome defended the New York Times office building with a Gatling Gun....
"Sword of Stalingrad" "Terminological inexactitude" "The Other Club" Tonypandyriots 1940 British war cabinet crisis Bengal famine of 1943 Honorary U.S...
"Sword of Stalingrad" "Terminological inexactitude" "The Other Club" Tonypandyriots 1940 British war cabinet crisis Bengal famine of 1943 Honorary U.S...
in Wales Timeline of Llanelli history National coal strike of 1912 Tonypandyriots, 1910–11 Tanner, Duncan (2003). Political Change and the Labour Party...
that it was "like Bedlam". Labour's Hugh Dalton wrote that a good deal of riot developed, some of it rather stupid, towards the end of the speech. At 23:00...
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crowd control during the Tonypandyriots in 1910, and had been consulted by Birrell about the use of troops in the Belfast riots of 1912. In October 1913...
neighbouring Rhondda valley which became synonymous with the so-called TonypandyRiots. In common with the rest of the South Wales coalfield, Aberdare's coal...
"Sword of Stalingrad" "Terminological inexactitude" "The Other Club" Tonypandyriots 1940 British war cabinet crisis Bengal famine of 1943 Honorary U.S...
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