Qing dynasty government school for Western knowledge
Tongwen Guan
Traditional Chinese
同文館
Simplified Chinese
同文馆
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Tóngwénguǎn
Wade–Giles
T'ung2-wen2-kuan3
W. A. P. Martin, headmaster, and other faculty members of the Tongwen Guan c.1900.
The School of Combined Learning, or the Tongwen Guan (Chinese: 同文館) was a government school for teaching Western languages (and later scientific subjects), founded at Peking (Beijing), China in 1862 during the late-Qing dynasty, right after the conclusion of the Second Opium War, as part of the Self-Strengthening Movement.[1] Its establishment was intimately linked to the establishment of the Zongli Yamen, the Qing office of foreign affairs.
^Lackner, Ph.D., Michael; Vittinghoff, Natascha, eds. (2004). Mapping Meanings: The Field of New Learning in Late Qing China ; [International Conference "Translating Western Knowledge Into Late Imperial China", 1999, Göttingen University]. Vol. 64 of Sinica Leidensia / Sinica Leidensia (illustrated ed.). BRILL. p. 249. ISBN 9004139192. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
The School of Combined Learning, or the TongwenGuan (Chinese: 同文館) was a government school for teaching Western languages (and later scientific subjects)...
Cixi also decreed the opening of the TongwenGuan in 1862, a school for foreign languages in Beijing. The TongwenGuan specialised in new-age topics such...
百夷 "hundred barbarians" to Baiyi 百譯 "hundred translations". The later TongwenGuan set up by the Qing dynasty for translating western languages was subordinated...
about to leave, they learn that the White Lotus Sect is attacking the TongwenGuan, a school for Chinese children to study foreign languages. They head...
Beijing's legation quarter. The successor to the Bureau of Translators, the TongwenGuan was set up by the Qing dynasty for translating western languages and...
worked in the think tank of Zeng Guofan. In 1868, he began to teach in TongwenGuan where he collaborated closely with linguist John Fryer.: 6–79 Chinese...
TongwenGuan (School of Combined Learning) in Peking, with a branch in Canton, to teach foreign languages, culture and science. In 1902 the Tongwen Guan...
response, the Qing embarked on a self-strengthening movement, founding the TongwenGuan in 1861, which hired foreign teachers to teach European languages, mathematics...
based on obsolete weaponry such as archery. He proposed the idea that TongwenGuan students who performed well in mathematics could be directly appointed...
together with other Western sciences started with the establishment of TongwenGuan in 1862. The major efforts in translation of Western law that continued...
with the aim of modernising China.[citation needed] He also founded the TongwenGuan in 1862 for Chinese scholars to study technology and foreign languages...
fullest form. Among his many contributions were the establishment of the TongwenGuan or School of Combined Learning, which produced numerous translations...
Russian. Founded in 1708, it was incorporated into the newly founded TongwenGuan in 1862. The Lifan Yuan was roughly a Qing version of the Xuanzheng Yuan...
among the Hui people living on the west bank of the Yellow River. The TongwenGuan school of European languages was established. 1864 May The Ever Victorious...
student of the Guozijian, and by 1872 he was studying German at the TongwenGuan, Beijing. In 1877 he was sent to Germany as an attaché to the recently...
appointed Professor of Anatomy and Physiology at the Imperial College (Tongwenguan) during the 1870s and 1880s. In Wanderings in China, Constance Frederica...
published scientific writings as a "private scholar". He was hired by the TongwenGuan (School of Combined Learning) of the Chinese imperial government, the...
(2): 14–19. Hong-Kui, Shang; 商鸿逵. "明清之际山海关战役的真相考察（Ming Qing Zhi Ji Shan Hai Guan Zhan Yi De Zhen Xiang Kao Cha, translated as The Truth of the Battle of Shanhaiguan...
Anthony R.; Mustain, William E.; Nijmeijer, Kitty; Scott, Keith; Xu, Tongwen; Zhuang, Lin (2014). "Anion-exchange membranes in electrochemical energy...
"For contributions to automatic control of mechanisms and robots" 2006 Tongwen Chen "For contributions to sampled-data control and multirate systems"...
Charles 2005 Despins Charles 2008 Michael Charles CSChE EIC citation 2009 Tongwen Chen CSCE EIC citation 1984 John Cherna 2001 Leslie Cherwenuk 1992 Roland...
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