Capital city and municipality in Central Albania, Albania
Tirana
Tirona
Capital city and municipality
Clockwise from top: The Skanderbeg Square, Kapllan Pasha Tomb, Grand Mosque, Clock Tower, Grand Park, Petrelë Castle, Resurrection Orthodox Cathedral and Toptani Center.
Tirana[c] (/tɪˈrɑːnə/ⓘtih-RAH-nə,[10][11]Albanian pronunciation:[tiˈɾana]; Gheg Albanian: Tirona) is the capital and largest city of Albania. It is located in the centre of the country, enclosed by mountains and hills with Dajti rising to the east and a slight valley to the northwest overlooking the Adriatic Sea in the distance. It is among the wettest and sunniest cities in Europe, with 2,544 hours of sun per year.[12][13]
Tirana was founded as a city in 1614 by the Ottoman Albanian general Sylejman Pasha Bargjini and flourished by then around the Old Mosque and the türbe. The area that today corresponds to the city's territory has been continuously inhabited since the Iron Age. It was inhabited by Illyrians, and was most likely the core of the Illyrian Kingdom of the Taulantii, which in Classical Antiquity was centred in the hinterland of Epidamnus. Following the Illyrian Wars it was annexed by Rome and became an integral part of the Roman Empire. The heritage of that period is still evident and represented by the Mosaics of Tirana. Later, in the 5th and 6th centuries, an Early Christian basilica was built around this site.
After the Roman Empire split into East and West in the 4th century, its successor the Byzantine Empire took control over most of Albania, and built the Petrelë Castle in the reign of Justinian I. The city was fairly unimportant until the 20th century, when the Congress of Lushnjë proclaimed it as Albania's capital, after the Albanian Declaration of Independence in 1912.
Classified as a gamma-world-city,[citation needed] Tirana is the most important economic, financial, political and trade centre in Albania due to its significant location in the centre of the country and its modern air, maritime, rail and road transportation.[14] It is the seat of power of the Government of Albania, with the official residences of the President and Prime Minister of Albania, and the Parliament of Albania. The city was announced as the European Youth Capital for 2022.
^"Mayor of Tirana". Bashkia Tiranë. Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
^"Municipal chairman of Tirana". Bashkia Tiranë. Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
^ abc"Pasaporta e Bashkisë Tirana" (in Albanian). Porta Vendore. Archived from the original on 6 October 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
^"Bashkia Tirana". Albanian Association of Municipalities (AAM). Archived from the original on 12 October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
^"A new Urban–Rural Classification of Albanian Population" (PDF). Instituti i Statistikës (INSTAT). May 2014. p. 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
^Cite error: The named reference Law 2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference Census 2011s was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"44% of the economy in 2021 concentrated in Tirana, other districts fading". euronews.al. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
^"Economic inequality deepens year after year/ Tirana has the highest per capita income of 134% of the average". politiko.al. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
^"Tirana". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021.
^"Tirana". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
^"Sunniest Cities in Europe". currentresults.com. p. 1. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
^"European Cities With the Wettest, Rainiest Weather". currentresults.com. p. 1. Archived from the original on 8 December 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
^"The World According to GaWC 2020". Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC). Archived from the original on 6 October 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
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