This article's lead section contains information that is not included elsewhere in the article. If the information is appropriate for the lead of the article, this information should also be included in the body of the article.(August 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations.(October 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Extinct language in Florida and Georgia (U.S.)
Timucua
Pronunciation
[tiˈmuːkwa]
Native to
United States
Region
Florida, Southeastern Georgia, Eastern Texas
Extinct
second half 18th century
Language family
Language isolate
Dialects
Tawasa ?
Writing system
Published in the Spanish alphabet, 1612–1635
Language codes
ISO 639-3
tjm
Linguist List
tjm
Glottolog
timu1245
Pre-contact distribution of the Timucua language. The Tawasa dialect, if it was Timucua, would have been geographically isolated in Alabama
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.
Timucua is a language isolate formerly spoken in northern and central Florida and southern Georgia by the Timucua peoples. Timucua was the primary language used in the area at the time of Spanish colonization in Florida. Differences among the nine or ten Timucua dialects were slight, and appeared to serve mostly to delineate band or tribal boundaries. Some linguists suggest that the Tawasa of what is now northern Alabama may have spoken Timucua, but this is disputed.
Most of what is known of the language comes from the works of Francisco Pareja, a Franciscan missionary who came to St. Augustine in 1595. During his 31 years living with the Timucua, he developed a writing system for the language. From 1612 to 1628, he published several Spanish–Timucua catechisms, as well as a grammar of the Timucua language. Including his seven surviving works, only ten primary sources of information about the Timucua language survive, including two catechisms written in Timucua and Spanish by Gregorio de Movilla in 1635, and a Spanish-translated Timucuan letter to the Spanish Crown dated 1688.
In 1763 the British took over Florida from Spain following the Seven Years' War, in exchange for ceding Cuba to them. Most Spanish colonists and mission Indians, including the few remaining Timucua speakers, left for Cuba, near Havana. The language group is now extinct.
Timucua is a language isolate formerly spoken in northern and central Florida and southern Georgia by the Timucua peoples. Timucua was the primary language...
leading thousands of people. The various groups of Timucua spoke several dialects of the Timucualanguage. At the time of European contact, Timucuan speakers...
suffixes, of Warao to the Timucualanguage of North Florida, also a language isolate. However, he has also derived Timucua morphemes from Muskogean, Chibchan...
Julian Granberry considering it a dialect of Timucua, others arguing it was a distinct language in the Timucua family, and yet others such as John Hann doubting...
of Acuera, a branch of the Timucua. The people of both villages are believed to have been speakers of the Timucualanguage. The Mocoso of Tampa Bay lived...
have spoken a different dialect of the Timucualanguage, perhaps Potano. The Yustaga were among the first Timucua to encounter Europeans, as their location...
southeastern Georgia. A Timucua group, they spoke the dialect known as Mocama, the best-attested dialect of the Timucualanguage. Their heartland extended...
the 16th and 17th centuries. They may have spoken a dialect of the Timucualanguage, but were allied with the Ais. The Surruque became clients of the Spanish...
neighbors, the Icafui (or Cascange) tribe, they spoke a dialect of the Timucualanguage called Itafi. The chief's main village was Ibihica, and he controlled...
Africa Meroitic language America, North Adai language Aranama–Tamique language Beothuk language Cayuse language Solano languageTimucualanguage America, South...
Timucua". International Journal of American Linguistics. 56 (1): 60–101. doi:10.1086/466138. S2CID 143759206. Mithun, Marianne (2001). The Languages of...
it is not clear whether the Surruque spoke a Timucualanguage, or a language related to the Ais language. In the early 16th century, Cape Canaveral was...
Savannah archaeological culture and spoke the Timucualanguage. Its inhabitants were part of the Mocama, a Timucua group who spoke the Mocama dialect. In the...
"Alachua Sink", that drains Paynes Prairie. There is evidence that the Timucua word for "sinkhole" was chua, meaning that the ranch was named after the...
probably a loanword, as it seems also to have been absorbed into the Timucualanguage. Thus, the connection of Yamasee with Muskogean is unsupported. A document...
Timucua people of northeastern Florida. They lived in the St. Johns River watershed north of Lake George, and spoke a dialect of the Timucualanguage...
Arawakan languages and the Tupian languages. However, it also was proposed to include the Taíno language in the Caribbean and the Timucualanguage in Florida...
San Juan del Puerto for years, and compiled there his books on the Timucualanguage, published in Mexico. In 1736 James Oglethorpe built Fort George, giving...
Indigenous languages Indigenous languages European language dialects Pidgin languages Indigenous languages Creole languages Indigenous languages Indigenous...
Consciously devised language Endangered language – Language that is at risk of going extinct Ethnologue#Language families Extinct language – Language that no longer...
Narváez expedition; he later escaped to Mocoso. Ortiz had learned the Timucualanguage and served as an interpreter to de Soto as he traversed the Timucuan-speaking...
The Potano were among the many tribes of the Timucua people, and spoke a dialect of the Timucualanguage. The Pánfilo de Narváez expedition passed to...
The United States does not have an official language at the federal level, but the most commonly used language is English (specifically, American English)...
Global Information
