Global InformationTimeline of Artsakh history information
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This is a timeline of Artsakh's history, representing territorial control under three columns:
- Realm
The highest level of authority. - State
The state or administrative unit that the region of Artsakh belonged to. - Artsakh
Geopolitical entity in Artsakh proper (Mountainous Karabakh).
 | This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: YYYY-MM-DD date formats need to be converted. (February 2022) |
| Starting Date | Sovereign | State/Region | Artsakh Proper |
|---|---|---|---|
| 592 BC [1] | Iran (Medes) | Unknown (Urtekhini?[2]) | |
| 549 BC |  Iran (Achaemenid dynasty)[3]
| ||
| 321 BC | |||
| 189 BC [4] | |||
 Armenia (Artaxiad dynasty)[5]
|
Province of Artsakh of the Kingdom of Armenia 189 BC to 387 AD [note 1] | ||
| Sophene and Kingdom of Commagene - Tigranes the Great conquered these territories | |||
| 65 BC [6] | Rome | (Artaxiad dynasty) Tigranes II of Armenia becomes a client king of Rome
| |
| 53 BC [7] | Persia (Arsacid dynasty) defeats Rome at the Battle of Carrhae | Armenia (Artaxiad dynasty) - Artavasdes II becomes king of Armenia.
| |
| 36 BC | Rome | Mark Antony begins Parthian campaign[8] Rebellion of King Zober of Albania defeated. | |
| 33 BC | Rome | Armenia (Artaxiad dynasty)
| |
| 36 | Iran (Arsacid dynasty) | ||
| 47 | |||
| 51 [9] | Iberia (Pharnavazid dynasty) | ||
| 58 |  Armenia (Arsacid dynasty)
| ||
| 62 | Iran (Arsacid dynasty) Parthians under Vologases I invade Armenia, unsuccessfully besiege Romans in Tigranocerta. | ||
| 63 | Rome: Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo invades Armenia and defeats Tiridates I, who accepts Roman sovereignty. Parthia withdraws. | ||
| 64 | Iran (Arsacid dynasty) | ||
| 114 [10] | Rome | Roman Armenia Emperor Trajan defeats the Parthians and overruns Armenia | |
| 118 | Armenia (Arsacid dynasty)
| ||
| 252 |  Iran (Sassanian dynasty)
|
Armenia (Arsacid dynasty)
| |
| 287 | Rome: Diocletian signs peace treaty with King Bahram II of Persia, installs the pro-Roman Arsacid Tiridates III as king in western Armenia. | ||
| 363 | Persia(Sassanian dynasty: Jovian cedes Corduene and Arzanene to Sassanids.
|
Corduene and Arzanene | |
| Albania (Mihranid dynasty) | |||
| 376 | Armenia (Arsacid dynasty)
| ||
| 387 | Iran (Sassanian dynasty)
| ||
| Albania (Mihranid dynasty) | with Sasanian help seizes from Armenia the entire right bank of the river Kura up to the river Araxes | includes Artsakh and Utik.[11] | |
| Division of Greater Armenia between Persia and Byzantium | |||
| 654 | Arab Caliphate | Albania (Mihranid dynasty),
al-Arminiya | |
| 850 |  Artsakh
| ||
| 884 |  Armenia (Bagratid dynasty)
|
Artsakh
| |
| 1045 | Artsakh
| ||
| 1063 |  Seljuk Empire
|
Artsakh
| |
| 1092 | Eldiguzids | ||
| 1124 |  Georgia (Bagratid dynasty)
|
Eldiguzids | |
| 1201 | Armenia (Zakarid dynasty) | ||
| 1214 [12][13] | Artsakh (Hasan-Jalalyan dynasty)
| ||
| 1236 | Mongol Empire | ||
| 1256 | Ilkhanate | ||
| 1261 | Khachen (Hasan-Jalalyan dynasty)
| ||
| 1360 | Karabakh | ||
| 1337 | Chobanids | ||
| 1357 | Jalayirids | ||
| 1375 | Kara Koyunlu | ||
| 1387 | Timurid Empire | ||
| 1409 | Kara Koyunlu | ||
| 1468 | Ak Koyunlu | ||
| 1501 |  Iran (Safavid dynasty)
|
Province of Karabakh | Melikdoms of Karabakh (Khamsa)[note 2] |
| 1583 |  Ottoman Empire
| ||
| 1603 | Iran (Safavid dynasty)
| ||
| 1725 | |||
| 1736 |  Iran (Afsharid dynasty)
| ||
| 1747 [13] | Karabakh Khanate | ||
| 1751 |  Iran (Zand dynasty)
| ||
| 1797 |  Iran (Qajar dynasty)
| ||
| 1805-05 [13][note 3] |  Russia (Romanov dynasty)
| ||
| 1822 [13] | |||
| 1846 | Shemakha Governorate[note 4] | ||
| 1868 [13] | Elisabethpol Governorate | ||
| 1917-11-11 |  Transcaucasian Commissariat
| ||
| 1918-04-22 | Transcaucasia[note 5] | ||
| 28 May 1918 [13] | First Republic of Armenia: Declaration of independence |  Armenian rebels
| |
| 1918-06-04 [note 6] | |||
| 1918-07-27 | People's Government of Karabakh
| ||
| 1918-09 |  Ottoman Empire
|
| |
| 1918-10-30 [note 7] |  British Empire
|
Mountainous Karabakh was placed under the jurisdiction of  Azerbaijan until the final delimitation agreement would be reached at the Paris Peace Conference.
| |
| 1919-08-22 [note 8] | |||
| 1919-08-23 [note 9] | |||
| 1920-03-04 [note 10] | Azerbaijan
|
| |
| 1920-04-09 |
| ||
| 1920-04-13 [note 11] | |||
| 1920-04-22 [note 12] | |||
| 1920-04-28 [note 13] | |||
| 1920-05-12 [13] |  Red Army 11th Red Army advances into Armenia on 29 November 1920; transfer of power on 2 December in Yerevan.
|
 Azerbaijan SSR
|
|
| 1920-05-26 | The final status of Mountainous Karabakh was still being debated. | ||
| Dec. 1, 1920 [note 14] | |||
| 1921-07-04 [13][note 15] | |||
| 1922-03-12 | Azerbaijan SSR,
| ||
| 1922-12-30 [13] |  Soviet Union
| ||
| 1923-07-07 [13][note 16] | Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast | ||
| 1936-12-05 |  Azerbaijan SSR
| ||
| 1991 | First Nagorno-Karabakh War
| ||
| 1991-04-30 [note 17] | |||
| 1991-09-02 [note 18] | |||
| 1991-11-26 [13][note 19] | |||
| 1994-05-12 [note 20] | De facto  Artsakh, de jure  Azerbaijan
| ||
| 2020-09-27 | Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
| ||
| 2020-11-10[note 21] |
Control over Nagorno-Karabakh is divided between | ||
| September 2023 - January 2024 |
Dissolution of the Republic of Artsakh due to the 2023 Azerbaijani Offensive, followed by a refugee crisis in which nearly the entire population fled to Armenia. | ||
- ^ Chahin, M. (2001). The kingdom of Armenia: a history (2nd, rev. ed.). Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. p. 107. ISBN 0700714529. OCLC 46908690.
This shows that Urartu was very much in existence [...] down to 594 BC, [...]. It is possible that the last king of Urartu's reigh ended at about the same time or a little earlier. [...] in 590 BC, the Medes marched westwards [towards western Anatolia and Lydia].
- ^ Dmitri Sargsyan (arm) Արցախը Ուրարտական դարաշրջանում: Artsakh in the Urartian Era (2010). "ԴՄԻՏՐԻ ՍԱՐԳՍԵԱՆ". Bazmavep. Mekhitar. p. 151. English-language abstract (article in Armenian?)
- ^ "Persian Empire: Cyrus the Great". History.com. September 30, 2019.
- ^ Levon., Chorbajian (1994). The Caucasian knot: the history & geopolitics of Nagorno-Karabagh. Donabédian, Patrick., Mutafian, Claude. London: Atlantic Highlands, NJ. p. 53. ISBN 1856492877. OCLC 31970952.
Certain authors estimate that when King Artashes (189–160 BC) brought about the unification of the Kingdom of Great Armenia, Caucasian tribes, probably Albanians, living in Artsakh and Utik were brought in by force. This thesis is said to be based on Strabo, but, in reality, when he describes the conquests Artashes carried out at the expense of the Medes and Iberians – and not the Albanians – he says nothing of Artsakh and Utik, since these provinces were certainly already a part of Armenia.
- ^ J. F. C. Fuller (2018). A Military History of the Western World, Vol. I:: From the Earliest Times to the Battle of Lepanto: Volume 1 of A Military History of the Western World. Valmy Publishing. pp. 613 pages. ISBN 978-1789127485 – via Google Books.isbn 9781789127485
- ^ Lee E. Patterson; Eastern Illinois University (2015). "Anthony and Armenia". TAPA. 145 (77). Society for Classical Studies, Johns Hopkins University Press: 105. JSTOR 43830371 – via JSTOR.
- ^ Chahin, M. (2001). The kingdom of Armenia: a history (2nd, rev. ed.). Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. p. 212. ISBN 0700714529. OCLC 46908690.
The Armenian king, Parthia's ally since the year 53 BC, appeared to submit.
- ^ Bivar, A.D.H. (1983). "The Political History of Iran Under the Arsacids". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3(1): The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 21–99. ISBN 0-521-20092-X.
- ^ Suny (1994), p. 14.
- ^ Theodore Mommsen. The Provinces of the Roman Empire. Chapter IX, p. 68
- ^ Chaumont, M. L. (1985). "Albania". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 8. pp. 806–810
- ^ Hewsen, Robert H. "The Meliks of Eastern Armenia: A Preliminary Study." Revue des Études Arméniennes. NS: IX, 1972, pp. 255-329.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Thomas., De Waal (2013). Black garden : Armenia and Azerbaijan through peace and war (10th-year anniversary ed., rev. and updated ed.). New York: New York University Press. pp. 329–335. ISBN 9780814770825. OCLC 843880838.
- ^ "F-16s Reveal Turkey's Drive to Expand Its Role in the Southern Caucasus". Stratfor. 8 October 2020. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
The presence of the Turkish fighter aircraft ... demonstrate[s] direct military involvement by Turkey that goes far beyond already-established support, such as its provision of Syrian fighters and military equipment to Azerbaijani forces.
- ^ "Is peace possible between Armenia and Azerbaijan? — RealnoeVremya.com". realnoevremya.com. Retrieved 2021-01-19.
... we, the Turks, are present in Syria, Libya, we scare America, bargain with Russia, and now we are in Karabakh ...
- ^ "2020 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Azerbaijan". United States Department of State. Archived from the original on 2021-04-07. Retrieved 2021-04-10.
After Azerbaijan, with Turkish support, reestablished control over four surrounding territories controlled by separatists since 1994, …
- ^ "Moscow Says Karabakh Status 'Intentionally' Left Out at Talks, Wants to 'Close POW Issue'". Asbarez.com. 2021-01-18. Retrieved 2021-01-19.
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