Giant GE hydrogen thyratron, used in pulsed radars, next to miniature 2D21 thyratron used to trigger relays in jukeboxes. Reference 2D21 tube is 2⅛ inches tall (54 mm).
A thyratron is a type of gas-filled tube used as a high-power electrical switch and controlled rectifier. Thyratrons can handle much greater currents than similar hard-vacuum tubes. Electron multiplication occurs when the gas becomes ionized, producing a phenomenon known as a Townsend discharge. Gases used include mercury vapor, xenon, neon, and (in special high-voltage applications or applications requiring very short switching times) hydrogen.[1] Unlike a vacuum tube (valve), a thyratron cannot be used to amplify signals linearly.
In the 1920s, thyratrons were derived from early vacuum tubes such as the UV-200, which contained a small amount of argon gas to increase its sensitivity as a radio signal detector, and the German LRS relay tube, which also contained argon gas. Gas rectifiers, which predated vacuum tubes, such as the argon-filled General Electric "Tungar bulb" and the Cooper-Hewitt mercury-pool rectifier, also provided an influence. Irving Langmuir and G. S. Meikle of GE are usually cited as the first investigators to study controlled rectification in gas tubes, about 1914. The first commercial thyratrons appeared circa 1928.
The term "thyratron" is derived from Ancient Greek "θύρα" ("thyra"), meaning "door" or "valve". The term "thyristor" was further derived from a combination of "thyratron" and "transistor".[2] Since the 1960s thyristors have replaced thyratrons in most low- and medium-power applications.
^Turner, L. W., ed. (1976). Electronics Engineer's Reference Book (4th ed.). London: Newnes-Butterworth. pp. 7-177 and 7-180. ISBN 0-408-00168-2.
^"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-05. Retrieved 2014-01-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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