Saint Thomas Aquinas OP | |
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![]() Panel of an altarpiece from Ascoli Piceno, Italy, by Carlo Crivelli (15th century) | |
Confessor Doctor of the Church | |
Born | Tommaso d'Aquino 1225 Roccasecca, Kingdom of Sicily |
Died | 7 March 1274 (aged 48–49) Fossanova, Papal States |
Venerated in | Catholic Church Anglican Communion[1] Lutheranism[2] |
Canonized | 18 July 1323, Avignon, Papal States by Pope John XXII |
Major shrine | Church of the Jacobins, Toulouse, France |
Feast | 28 January, 7 March (pre-1969 Roman Calendar/traditional Dominican calendar) |
Attributes | The Summa Theologiae, a model church, the sun on the chest of a Dominican friar |
Patronage | Academics; against storms; against lightning; apologists; Aquino, Italy; Belcastro, Italy; book sellers; Catholic academies, schools, and universities; chastity; Falena, Italy; learning; pencil makers; philosophers; Saint Philip Neri Seminary; publishers; scholars; students; University of Santo Tomas; Sto. Tomas, Batangas; Mangaldan, Pangasinan; theologians[3] |
Philosophy career | |
Other names | Doctor Angelicus (the Angelic Doctor) |
Education | Abbey of Monte Cassino University of Naples University of Paris |
Notable work |
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Era | Medieval philosophy |
Region | Western philosophy |
School | Scholasticism Thomism Aristotelianism Theological intellectualism Moderate realism[4] Virtue ethics Natural law Correspondence theory of truth[5] |
Main interests |
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Notable ideas |
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Thomas Aquinas OP (/əˈkwaɪnəs/, ə-KWY-nəs; Italian: Tommaso d'Aquino, lit. 'Thomas of Aquino'; c. 1225 – 7 March 1274) was an Italian[6] Dominican friar and priest, an influential philosopher and theologian, and a jurist in the tradition of scholasticism from the county of Aquino in the Kingdom of Sicily.
Thomas was a proponent of natural theology and the father of a school of thought (encompassing both theology and philosophy) known as Thomism. He argued that God is the source of the light of natural reason and the light of faith.[7] He embraced[8] several ideas put forward by Aristotle and attempted to synthesize Aristotelian philosophy with the principles of Christianity.[9] He has been described as "the most influential thinker of the medieval period"[10] and "the greatest of the medieval philosopher-theologians".[11] According to the English philosopher Anthony Kenny, Thomas was "one of the greatest philosophers of the Western world".[12]
Thomas's best-known works are the unfinished Summa Theologica, or Summa Theologiae (1265–1274), the Disputed Questions on Truth (1256–1259) and the Summa contra Gentiles (1259–1265). His commentaries on Christian Scripture and on Aristotle also form an important part of his body of work. He is also notable for his Eucharistic hymns, which form a part of the Church's liturgy.[13]
As a Doctor of the Church, Thomas Aquinas is considered one of the Catholic Church's greatest theologians and philosophers.[14] He is known in Catholic theology as the Doctor Angelicus ("Angelic Doctor", with the title "doctor" meaning "teacher"), and the Doctor Communis ("Universal Doctor").[a] In 1999, John Paul II added a new title to these traditional ones: Doctor Humanitatis ("Doctor of Humanity/Humaneness").[15]
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