Theodor Herzl[a] (2 May 1860 – 3 July 1904)[3] was an Austro-Hungarian Jewish journalist, lawyer, writer, playwright and political activist who was the father of modern political Zionism. Herzl formed the Zionist Organization and promoted Jewish immigration to Palestine in an effort to form a Jewish state. Due to his Zionist work, he is known in Hebrew as Chozeh HaMedinah (חוֹזֵה הַמְדִינָה), lit.'Visionary of the State'.[4][5] He is specifically mentioned in the Israeli Declaration of Independence and is officially referred to as "the spiritual father of the Jewish State".[6]
Herzl was born in Pest, Kingdom of Hungary, to a prosperous Neolog Jewish family. After a brief legal career in Vienna, he became the Paris correspondent for the Viennese newspaper Neue Freie Presse. Confronted with antisemitic events in Vienna, he reached the conclusion that anti-Jewish sentiment would make Jewish assimilation impossible, and that the only solution for Jews was the establishment of a Jewish state. In 1896, Herzl published the pamphlet Der Judenstaat, in which he elaborated his visions of a Jewish homeland. His ideas attracted international attention and rapidly established Herzl as a major figure in the Jewish world.
In 1897, Herzl convened the First Zionist Congress in Basel, Switzerland, and was elected president of the Zionist Organization. He began a series of diplomatic initiatives to build support for a Jewish state, appealing unsuccessfully to German emperor Wilhelm II and Ottoman sultan Abdul Hamid II. At the Sixth Zionist Congress in 1903, Herzl presented the Uganda Scheme, endorsed by Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain on behalf of the British government. The proposal, which sought to create a temporary refuge for the Jews in British East Africa following the Kishinev pogrom, was met with strong opposition and ultimately rejected. Herzl died of a heart ailment in 1904 at the age of 44, and was buried in Vienna. In 1949, his remains were taken to Israel and reinterred on Mount Herzl.
^"Herzl". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
^Esor Ben-Sorek (18 October 2015). "The Tragic Herzl Family History". Times of Israel. At his brit mila he was given the Hebrew name Binyamin Zeev
^Cite error: The named reference Cohen was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"חוזה המדינה באנגלית | פירוש חוזה המדינה בעברית". מילון מורפיקס (in Hebrew). Retrieved 17 August 2022.
^"Theodor Herzl". www.nli.org.il. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
^"Declaration of Establishment of State of Israel". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 14 May 1948. Archived from the original on 28 December 2015.
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TheodorHerzl (2 May 1860 – 3 July 1904) was an Austro-Hungarian Jewish journalist, lawyer, writer, playwright and political activist who was the father...
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nationalist movement, Zionism is generally considered to have been founded by TheodorHerzl in 1897. However, the history of Zionism began earlier and is intertwined...
objective and path that Zionism should follow. Political Zionism was led by TheodorHerzl and Max Nordau in Russia. This Zionist Organization approach espoused...
Stephen Norman, born Stephan Theodor Neumann (1918–1946) was the grandson of the founder of Zionism, TheodorHerzl. Stephen Neumann (later Norman) was...
response to political instability within the Pale. These factors persuaded TheodorHerzl, one of the founding fathers of Zionism, that the Jews must leave Europe...
founded as the Zionist Organization (ZO; 1897–1960) at the initiative of TheodorHerzl at the First Zionist Congress, which took place in August 1897 in Basel...
refuge. In 1897, inspired by the Hungarian-born Jewish nationalist TheodorHerzl, the First Zionist Congress was held in Basle, and declared their national...
Embassy in Vienna and became a close friend of TheodorHerzl. Hechler was instrumental in aiding Herzl through his diplomatic activities, and may, in...
TheodorHerzl Gaster (July 21, 1906 – February 2, 1992) was a British-born American Biblical scholar known for work on comparative religion, mythology...
erroneously being repeated in his name regarding a speech he gave after TheodorHerzl's passing: ...Now, two gentlemen came to me… and requested me … since...
novel published in German by TheodorHerzl, the founder of political Zionism, in 1902. It was published six years after Herzl's political pamphlet, Der Judenstaat...
critic. He was a co-founder of the Zionist Organization together with TheodorHerzl, and president or vice-president of several Zionist congresses. As a...
entrepreneurial culture. In 2022 it had a population of 106,741. Named after TheodorHerzl, the founder of modern Zionism, Herzliya covers an area of 21.6 square...
that would be led by settlers in the American West, and was used by TheodorHerzl in his depiction of the future Jewish Homeland: "We are a commonwealth...
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