Global InformationThelohanellus kitauei information
| Thelohanellus kitauei | |
|---|---|
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| Fresh myxospores of T. kitauei from a skin smear of common carp; from Zhai et al. 2016; size bar 10 μm. | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Cnidaria |
| Class: | Myxosporea |
| Order: | Bivalvulida |
| Family: | Myxobolidae |
| Genus: | Thelohanellus |
| Species: | T. kitauei
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| Binomial name | |
| Thelohanellus kitauei Egusa & Nakajima, 1981
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| Synonyms | |
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Thelohanellus xinyangensis Xie, Gong, Xiao, Guo, Li et Guo, 2000 | |
Thelohanellus kitauei is a myxozoan endoparasite identified as the agent of intestinal giant-cystic disease (IGCD) of common carp Cyprinus carpio. The species was first identified in Japan, in 1980[1] and later formally described by Egusa & Nakajima.[2] Fan[3] subsequently reported the parasite in China, and several other reports from carp and Koi carp in China and Korea followed.[4][5][6] Reports referred to an intestinal infection, swelling and emaciation of fish due to blockage of the intestinal tract by giant cysts. The intestine of carp was believed to be the only infection site of T. kitauei until Zhai et al.[7] reported large cysts of T. kitauei in the skin, with morphologically similar and molecularly identical spores. T. kitauei has been recognized as the most detrimental disease of farmed carp in Asia with around 20% of farmed carp killed annually.[8] In 2014, the genome of T. kitauei was sequenced,[8] and in 2016, its life cycle was found to include the oligochaete Branchiura sowerbyi.[9] Infected oligochaete worms were first discovered in Hungary and raised concerns of the introduction of T. kitauei into European carp culture ponds, since it was believed to be endemic to Asia. However, the related disease (IGCD) has not yet been reported in Europe.
- ^ Kitaue K (1980) Intestinal giant-cystic disease affecting the carp, caused by Thelohanellus sp. Fish Pathology, 14, 145-146
- ^ Egusa S, Nakajima K (1981) A new Myxozoa Thelohanellus kitauei, the cause of intestinal giant cystic disease of carp. Fish Pathology 15, 213-218
- ^ Fan ZG (1985) Study of thelohanellosis from common carp. Freshwater Fish 5, 16-18
- ^ Liu Y, Whipps CM, Liu WS, Zeng LB, Gu ZM (2011) Supplemental diagnosis of a myxozoan parasite from common carp Cyprinus carpio: synonymy of Thelohanellus xinyangensis with Thelohanellus kitauei. Veterinary Parasitology 178, 355-359
- ^ Shin SP, Jee H, Han JE, Kim JH, Choresca CH, Jun JW, Kim DY, Park SC (2011) Surgical removal of an anal cyst caused by a protozoan parasite (Thelohanellus kitauei) from a koi (Cyprinus carpio) Journal of the American Veterinary Medicine Association 238, 784-786.
- ^ Shin SP, Kim JH, Choresca CH, Han JE, Jun JW, Park SC (2013) Molecular identification and phylogenetic characterisation of Thelohanellus kitauei Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 61, 30-35.
- ^ Zhai Y, Gu Z, Guo Q, Wu Z, Wang H, Liu Y (2016) New type of pathogenicity of Thelohanellus kitauei Egusa & Nakajima, 1981 infecting the skin of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. Parasitology International 65, 78-82.
- ^ a b YanYL, Xiong J, Zhou ZG, Huo FM, Miao W, Ran C et al. (2014) The genome of the myxosporean Thelohanellus kitauei shows adaptations to nutrient acquisition within its fish host. Genome Biology and Evolution 6, 3182-3198.
- ^ Zhao D, Borkhanuddin MH, Wang W, Liu Y, Cech G, Zhai Y, Székely C (2016) The life cycle of Thelohanellus kitauei(Myxozoa: Myxosporea) infecting common carp (Cyprinus carpio) involves aurantiactinomyxon in Branchiura sowerbyi. Parasitology Research 115, 4317-4325.