Prometheus Brings Fire to Mankind (1817) by Heinrich Füger
The theft of fire for the benefit of humanity is a theme that recurs in many world mythologies, symbolizing the acquisition of knowledge, or technology, and its transformative impact on civilization.[1] Its recurrent themes include trickster figures as the thief, and supernatural heroic guardians who hoard fire from humanity, often out of mistrust for humans.[2] These myths reflect the profound significance of fire in human history, seen as a pivotal step in the development of human society.
In African mythology, the San peoples tell of ǀKaggen, stealing fire from the ostrich and bringing it to people. In the Americas, Native American and First Nations tribes attribute the gift of fire to animals.
In Eurasian cultures, fire theft takes on various forms. The Vedic Rigveda narrates hero Mātariśvan recovering hidden fire. Greek mythology recounts Prometheus stealing heavenly fire for humanity, a deed for which he suffered greatly. In Oceania, Polynesian myths often feature Māui as the fire thief, with diverse variations across regions.
The metaphor of fire theft extends into modern times, particularly in the context of nuclear weapons. The destructive power of atomic bombs is likened to Prometheus's act, symbolizing the dangerous knowledge humanity has gained. This comparison has been drawn in publications and discussions, emphasizing the ethical and moral implications of nuclear technology. Figures like Robert Oppenheimer, and statesmen Henry Kissinger have invoked the metaphor to highlight the responsibility that comes with such power. The narrative highlights the dual nature of technological advancement, capable of advancing society and posing significant threats.
^ This narrative is classified in the Motif-Index of Folk-Literature as motif A1415. Thompson, Stith (1977). The Folktale. University of California Press. p. 240. ISBN 0-520-03537-2.
^Groon, Gerald Henry (30 May 2020). "Torches, Thieves, and Tinder: Recurring Themes in Mythical Origins of Fire". Carolina Digital Repository. doi:10.17615/1sep-8z59. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
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