The Stoning of Saint Stephen is the first signed painting by Dutch artist Rembrandt, made in 1625 at the age of 19.[1] One of his earlier works, it is an oil painting on a wood panel and currently exhibited at the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon.
This figure, nestled between Saint Stephen and the man holding a large rock over his head, is the first extant self-portrait of Rembrandt.[2]
This work is inspired by the martyrdom of Saint Stephen which is recounted in Acts 7. This young deacon in the Christian community of Jerusalem was sentenced to death by stoning. The painting was influenced by the art of Caravaggio and Adam Elsheimer.[3] It represents the moment when Stephen was stoned outside the city by his many tormentors (about twenty characters), and he utters his last words to Christ as the light around him shows that the heavens are open.[4]
The painting is divided into two distinct zones with a diagonal creating an effect of chiaroscuro: on the left, a man on horseback is in the shadow, and on the right, Stephen and his persecutors are in the light. Saul of Tarsus can be seen seated in the background holding in his lap the coats of the stoners. Some inaccuracies in the drawing can be seen.[4] The character behind Stephen seems to be a self-portrait done into a wider composition, as Spanish painter Diego Velázquez did in Las Meninas.[5] John Durham suggests that Rembrandt "presents himself as a somewhat alarmed presence, a participant who may be having second thoughts about what was taking place."[6]
It is argued that the painting shows as many as seven different variations of Rembrandt's self-portrait.
^Starcky, Emmanuel (1990). Rembrandt. Hazan. p. 45. ISBN 2-85025-212-3.
^Wallace, Robert (1968). The World of Rembrandt: 1606-1669. New York: Time-Life Books. p. 38.
^Françoise Caillet-Mangin (28 March 2006). "Rembrandt ou la lumière réinventée" (in French). Convivialité en Flandre. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
^ ab"Harmensz van Rijn Rembrandt (Leyde, 1606 - Amsterdam, 1669), La Lapidation de Saint Etienne" (in French). Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
^Karel Vereycken (13 December 2006). "Rembrandt : 400 ans et toujours jeune !" (in French). Solidarité et Progrès. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
^Durham, John I. (2004). Biblical Rembrandt: Human Painter In A Landscape Of Faith. Macon: Mercer University Press. p. 60. ISBN 0865548862.
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