The Hidden Frontier: Ecology and Ethnicity in an Alpine Valley is a classic study of ethnography, published in 1974 by John W. Cole and Eric R. Wolf.
The authors studied two Alpine villages in the Non Valley of the Tyrol region, St. Felix and Tret (part of Fondo municipality), only a mile apart and showed that in spite of identical ecological conditions, there were significant cultural differences, one village being German-speaking and the other Italian-speaking, so that the same physical environment was cast in terms of distinct cultural worlds in either village.
Comparison of the two villages showed a clear cultural boundary, in effect that between Germanic Europe and Romance Europe along the southern, alpine boundary of German-speaking Europe. The German-speaking village St. Felix had the characteristic structure of a dispersed settlement (Streusiedlung) while the Italian-speaking settlement Tret had a clear nucleus.
The authors trace the history of the region through the Middle Ages and down to the current inhabitants and their culture. For the German Tyroleans, the social center is the Hof, the individual estate and its land, ideally passed down the generations by impartible inheritance to the eldest son. For their Italian-speaking neighbors, the center of attention is not the land but the community, not just the village center but by extension also the nearby city, and the land tended to be divided equally among heirs.[1]
The study followed an earlier report by Wolf (1962) on his study of the two villages. In the earlier study, Wolf argued for the primacy of culture over environmental constraints, in this case reflecting two distinct and deeply rooted cultural heritages, in the case of the German speakers of the Germanic migration period system of autarky of each family household, in the case of the Italian speakers the Mediterranean civilization inherited from the Roman Empire, where rural communities are culturally dominated by the urban centers on the coasts.
The 1974 modified these conclusions, as it became apparent that while the division in the cultural ideals was indeed clear-cut between the villages, in reality the estates in both communities were kept at the same optimized sizes, showing that while cultural differences persisted for centuries even in close proximity, significantly affecting the political sphere, the necessities of the environmental conditions still dictated the same strategies for either community.[2]
^Jaro Stacul, The Bounded Field: Localism and Local Identity in an Italian Alpine Valley, Berghahn Books, New York 2003 (= New Directions in Anthropology, vol. 18).
^Henk J. de Haan, In the Shadow of the Tree: Kinship, Property and Inheritance Among Farm Families, Het Spinhuis, Amsterdam 1994.
and 19 Related for: The Hidden Frontier information
needed] The BBC in 2006 called the series "the most prominent" Star Trek fan film following Star Trek: Enterprise's cancellation. HiddenFrontier spawned...
York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Wolf, Eric R. & Cole, John N. (1999). TheHiddenFrontier: Ecology and Ethnicity in an Alpine Valley. Berkeley, California:...
fieldwork on the culture, history, and settlement pattern of the Tyrol region, which was later published in their book TheHiddenFrontier. Wolf's key...
categorized list of notable onion services (formerly, hidden services) accessible through the Tor anonymity network. Defunct services and those accessed...
Swedish power metal band Hard-Fi, an English indie rock band Star Trek: HiddenFrontier, a long-running Star Trek fan-fiction series Hi-hat with foot, part...
Stadi in the webseries Star Trek: Odyssey, S'Tal in Star Trek: HiddenFrontier, the voice of Dr. Bright in the podcast The Bright Sessions, and the voice...
Europe's Identity: The External Dimension, London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, pp. 1–34 Cole, J. W.; Wolf, E. R. (1999), TheHiddenFrontier: Ecology and Ethnicity...
Frontier Services Group (FSG) is a Chinese state-owned Africa-focused security, aviation, and logistics company founded and led until April 2021 by Erik...
Rome's HiddenFrontier in Eastern Turkey", British Academy Review, vol. 32 (2018), pp. 52–54. "The Roman Frontier Based on the Valley of the Upper Euphrates...
Suisse au XIX siècle, Lausanne 2000. John W. Cole, Eric R. Wolf: Thehiddenfrontier: ecology and ethnicity in an alpine valley, University of California...
of Finnish Star Trek parody movies started by Samuli Torssonen in 1992. The first movie, simply named Star Wreck, was a simple Star Control-like animation...
(PDF) on 2016-09-11. Retrieved 2016-05-31. Mangi, Faseeh. "In the 'Best Hidden' Frontier Market, a Boom Signals a Pakistan Revival". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved...
TheFrontier Trilogy is a 2015 Western triptych of stage plays by Jethro Compton. The trilogy consists of Blood Red Moon, The Clock Strikes Noon and The...
to Axanar (working title: Star Trek: Prelude to Axanar, and long title: The Four Years War Part III: Prelude to Axanar) is a 2014 fan-made short film...
with tracks hidden in the pregap of the first track. List of albums containing a hidden track Lists of albums "Crossing The Red Sea With The Adverts". discogs...
pp. 67–87. ISBN 0-415-11996-0. Cole, John W. and Wolf, Eric R., TheHiddenFrontier: Ecology and Ethnicity in an Alpine Valley, New York: Academic Press...