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The Evolution of Melanism: a study of recurring necessity; with special reference to industrial melanism in the Lepidoptera is a 1973 science book by the lepidopterist Bernard Kettlewell.
The book includes Kettlewell's original papers in the journal Heredity on his classic predation experiments on the peppered moth. It also covers Kettlewell's experiments in Shetland on other Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies).
The book is centered on the authors research of evolution of industrial melanism in peppered moths. It does not goes much in-depth about the evolution of melanism in other species as the title might suggest.
The book introduces the reader with a 50-page long chapter about melanism. Then, the book goes in-depth about industrial melanism. Finally, the peppered moth Biston betularia is discussed in all its known details of that time. Knowledge of the genetics of the melanistic forms of the moths, the knowledge of the predation by birds and the knowledge of blackening of the environment in the English midlands is discussed and used for Kettlewell's most important experiments on natural selection. This is also the climax of the book, namely the details and outcomes of his own experiments on natural selection. Kettlewell also shows other cases, such as his experiments in the Shetland Islands with Lasiocampa quercus (‘Recessive melanic plymorphisms’) and Amanthes glareosa (‘Northern melanism’) (Kettlewell et al., 1969). However, these lack knowledge compared to the Biston experiments. Therefore, they are mostly seem as secondary importance. However, according to Carson (1974), “they play an important role in showing that manifold genetic melanisms can exist apart from those that have evolved as a genetic response to industrial pollution”. The conclusion of the book discusses several melanisms, such as polymorphism.
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Kettlewell, Bernard (1973). TheEvolutionofMelanism. Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-857370-7. Majerus, Michael (1998). Melanism: Evolution in Action. Oxford University...
pollution during the Industrial Revolution. The frequency of dark-coloured moths increased at that time, an example of industrial melanism. Later, when pollution...
Industrial melanism is an evolutionary effect prominent in several arthropods, where dark pigmentation (melanism) has evolved in an environment affected...
black jaguars in South America. Melanism is caused by a recessive allele in the leopard, and by a dominant allele in the jaguar. In 1788, Jean-Claude Delamétherie...
explanation ofthe phenomenon. Theevolutionofthe industrial melanism mutation has been shown to be due to the insertion of a transposable element into the first...
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Hannah, S. S.; O'Brien, S. J. (2003). "Molecular Genetics and EvolutionofMelanism in the Cat Family". Current Biology. 13 (5): 448–453. Bibcode:2003CBio...
O'Brien, Stephen J. (4 March 2003). "Molecular Genetics and EvolutionofMelanism in the Cat Family". Current Biology. 13 (5): 448–453. Bibcode:2003CBio...
To increase the controversy, biologists also began to argue the validity of Kettlewell's experiments. The publication ofMelanism: Evolution in Action in...
Hannah, S. S.; O'Brien, S. J. (2003). "Molecular Genetics and EvolutionofMelanism in the Cat Family". Current Biology. 13 (5): 448–453. Bibcode:2003CBio...
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ISBN 978-0-19-929205-9. Cook, L M; Saccheri, I J (2013). "The peppered moth and industrial melanism: evolutionof a natural selection case study". Heredity. 110...
genetics and evolutionofmelanism in the cat family". Curr. Biol. 13 (5): 448–53. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00128-3. PMID 12620197. "CFA Breeds". The Cat Fanciers'...
Botts, R. T. (2020). "Natural Selection ofMelanism in Costa Rican Jaguar and Oncilla: A Test of Gloger's Rule and the Temporal Segregation Hypothesis". Tropical...
Melanism: Evolution in Action. Oxford: Blackwell. Clarke Cyril A.; Sheppard Philip M. (1964). "Genetic Control ofthe Melanic Form insularia ofthe Moth...
When Charles Darwin published his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, his theory ofevolution (the idea that species arose through descent with modification...
2010). "Insularity and theevolutionofmelanism, sexual dichromatism and body size in the worldwide-distributed barn owl". Journal of Evolutionary Biology...
Hannah SS, O'Brien SJ (March 2003). "Molecular genetics and evolutionofmelanism in the cat family". Current Biology. 13 (5): 448–53. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00128-3...
Hannah, S. S.; O'Brien, S. J. (2003). "Molecular genetics and evolutionofmelanism in the cat family". Current Biology. 13 (5): 448–453. Bibcode:2003CBio...
Hannah SS, O'Brien SJ (March 2003). "Molecular genetics and evolutionofmelanism in the cat family". Current Biology. 13 (5): 448–453. Bibcode:2003CBio...
Kettlewell's Studies of Industrial Melanism in Peppered Moths". In Giltrow, Janet (ed.). Academic Reading: Reading and Writing Across the Disciplines (2nd ed...
Barsh, Gregory S.; Eizirik, Eduardo (19 February 2015). "Recurrent EvolutionofMelanism in South American Felids". PLOS Genetics. 10 (2): e1004892. doi:10...
S2CID 4012202. Cook, L M; Saccheri, I J (March 2013). "The peppered moth and industrial melanism: evolutionof a natural selection case study". Heredity. 110...
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