Map of global NSA data collection as of 2007[update], with countries subject to the most data collection shown in red
Programs
Pre-1978
ECHELON
MINARET
SHAMROCK
PROMIS
Since 1978
Upstream collection
BLARNEY
FAIRVIEW
Main Core
ThinThread
Genoa
Since 1990
RAMPART-A
Since 1998
Tailored Access Operations
Since 2001
OAKSTAR
STORMBREW
Trailblazer
Turbulence
Genoa II
Total Information Awareness
President's Surveillance Program
Terrorist Surveillance Program
Since 2007
PRISM
Dropmire
Stateroom
Bullrun
MYSTIC
Databases, tools etc.
PINWALE
MARINA
Main Core
MAINWAY
TRAFFICTHIEF
DISHFIRE
XKeyscore
ICREACH
BOUNDLESSINFORMANT
GCHQ collaboration
MUSCULAR
Tempora
Legislation
Safe Streets Act
Privacy Act of 1974
FISA
ECPA
Patriot Act
Homeland Security Act
Protect America Act of 2007
FISA Amendments Act of 2008
Institutions
FISC
Senate Intelligence Committee
National Security Council
Lawsuits
ACLU v. NSA
Hepting v. AT&T
Jewel v. NSA
Clapper v. Amnesty
Klayman v. Obama
ACLU v. Clapper
Wikimedia v. NSA
US v. Moalin
Whistleblowers
William Binney
Thomas Drake
Mark Klein
Thomas Tamm
Russ Tice
Edward Snowden
Publication
2005 warrantless surveillance scandal
Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)
Related
Cablegate
Surveillance of reporters
Mail tracking
UN diplomatic spying
Insider Threat Program
Mass surveillance in the United States
Mass surveillance in the United Kingdom
Concepts
SIGINT
Metadata
Collaboration
United States
CSS
CYBERCOM
DOJ
FBI
CIA
DHS
IAO
Five Eyes
CSEC
GCHQ
ASD
GCSB
Other
DGSE
BND
v
t
e
The Terrorist Surveillance Program was an electronic surveillance program implemented by the National Security Agency (NSA) of the United States in the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks.[1] It was part of the President's Surveillance Program, which was in turn conducted under the overall umbrella of the War on Terrorism.[2] The NSA, a signals intelligence agency, implemented the program to intercept al Qaeda communications overseas where at least one party is not a U.S. person. In 2005, The New York Times disclosed that technical glitches resulted in some of the intercepts including communications which were "purely domestic" in nature, igniting the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy.[3] Later works, such as James Bamford's The Shadow Factory, described how the nature of the domestic surveillance was much, much more widespread than initially disclosed. In a 2011 New Yorker article, former NSA employee Bill Binney said that his colleagues told him that the NSA had begun storing billing and phone records from "everyone in the country."[4]
The program was named the Terrorist Surveillance Program by the George W. Bush administration[5] in response to the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy following disclosure of the program. It is claimed that this program operated without the judicial oversight mandated by Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), and legal challenges to the program are currently undergoing judicial review. Because the technical specifics of the program have not been disclosed, it is unclear if the program is subject to FISA. It is unknown if this is the original name of the program; the term was first used publicly by President Bush in a speech on January 23, 2006.[6]
On August 17, 2006, U.S. District Judge Anna Diggs Taylor ruled the program unconstitutional and illegal. On appeal, the decision was overturned on procedural grounds and the lawsuit was dismissed without addressing the merits of the claims,[7] although one further challenge is still pending in the courts. On January 17, 2007, Attorney General Alberto Gonzales informed U.S. Senate leaders by letter[8] that the program would not be reauthorized by the president, but would be subjected to judicial oversight. "Any electronic surveillance that was occurring as part of the Terrorist Surveillance Program will now be conducted subject to the approval of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court", according to his letter.[9]
On June 6, 2013, it was revealed that the Terrorist Surveillance Program was replaced by a new NSA program, referred to by its codeword, PRISM.[10]
^"Same Surveillance state, Different War". The Atlantic. Adrienne Lafrance. 8 April 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
^Yoo, John. "The Terrorist Surveillance Program and the Constitution". Geo. Mason L.
^James Risen and Eric Lichtblau (2005-12-21). "Spying Program Snared U.S. Calls". New York Times. Retrieved 2006-05-28.
^Cite error: The named reference muckracker_jane was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Washington Post: Surveillance Net Yields Few Suspects. February 5, 2006.
^White House: "President Discusses Global War on Terror at Kansas State University". The White House. Archived from the original on March 13, 2007. Retrieved 2009-12-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link). January 23, 2006.
^"Court dismisses lawsuit on spying". Reuters. July 6, 2007.
^"Letter from Alberto Gonzalez, Attorney General, to Senators Patrick Leahy and Arlen Specter" (PDF). The New York Times.
^bad link as of Aug 19, 2007[dead link]
^Gellman, Barton; Poitras, Laura (June 7, 2013). "U.S. intelligence mining data from nine U.S. Internet companies in broad secret program". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2013-06-06.
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