A close depiction of Tenkasi Pandiya flag as per archaeological findings and historians illustration.[1]
Tenkasi
Madurai
Location of the present day Tenkasi (Capital of Tenkasi Pandyas) and Madurai (Pandya dynasty's traditional capital)
Capital
Tenkasi
Official languages
Tamil[2][3]
Religion
Hinduism (Official)
Buddhism
Jainism
Government
Monarchy
• 1422–1463 CE
Sadaavarman Parakrama
• 1613–1618 CE
Varagunarama
Historical era
Early modern era
• Established
1422 C.E.
• Disestablished
1618 C.E.
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Medieval Pandyas
Delhi Sultanate
Madurai Nayak dynasty
Nayaks of Gingee
Today part of
Tamil Nadu, India
Tenkasi Pandyas were the Pandya kings from Sadaavarman Parakrama Pandya to his successors who ruled with Tenkasi as their capital.[4] With the invasion of the Sultanates, Vijayanagaras, and Nayakars from the fourteenth century onwards, the Pandyas lost their traditional capital of Madurai and shifted to cities like Tenkasi and Tirunelveli.[5] Tenkasi was the last capital of the Pandyas.[6] All the Pandyas from Sadaavarman Parakrama Pandya and his next generations were crowned in the Adheenam Mutt[7] in Kasi Viswanathar temple.[8] During the same period, some Pandyas ruled with Tirunelveli as their capital. Kayatharu, Vadakkuvalliyur, and Ukkirankottai are some of their major cities. Inscriptions on them are found in Tenkasi's Kasi Viswanathar temple, Brahmadesam, Cheranmadevi, Ambasamudram, Kalakkad and Pudukkottai. The last Pandyan king to be known in the history of the Pandyas was Kolakonda, who was also among the Tenkasi Pandyas.
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All the Pandyas of the Varagunarama Pandya period were under the Vijayanagara Empire and paid them tribute.[9] However, other sources invariably mention that though the Madurai Nayakas were in-charge of Madurai, from time to time, they were opposed by and had skirmishes with the Tenkasi Pandyans, who are also said to have had intermittent control of Madurai. The Tenkasi Pandyas also had imperial ambitions, fought some wars, conquered territories outside their terrain. This is proven by the fact that the last Tenkasi Pandyan king bore the title "Kollamkondan", which means the one who conquered Kollam in Malayalam country.[10]
^Walter Codrington, Hubert (1975). Ceylon Coins and Currency. Asian Educational Services. ISBN 9788120609136.
^Upinder Singh (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Pearson Education India. p. 46. ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0. Kings of the Chola and Pandya dynasties also issued Tamil and bilingual Sanskrit–Tamil inscriptions.
^C. Sivaramamurti (1977). L'Art en Inde. H. N. Abrams. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-8109-0630-3. Thus the state language was Tamil whether the inscriptions were from the north or the south and whether the dynasty was Gupta, Vakatak[a], Vardhana, Maukhari, Pratihara, Paramara, Chandella, Pala, Sena, Gahadavala, Haihaya, Ganga, Pallava, Chola, Pandya, Chalukya, Rashtrakuta, or Vijayanagar[a]. Inscriptions were sometimes written in regional languages, but they invariably had a preface in Sanskrit.
^"4.5 பிற்காலப் பாண்டியர் (கி.பி. 1371 - 1650)". தமிழ் இணையப் பல்கலைக்கழகம். Retrieved 27 November 2012.
^Karashima, Noburu. 2014. 'The Fall of the Old States', in A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations, ed. Noburu Karashima, pp. 173–74. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
^":: TVU ::". www.tamilvu.org. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
^Vanamamalai, N.; Vān̲amāmalai, Nā (1981). Interpretation of Tamil Folk Creations. Dravidian Linguistics Association. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
^"தென்காசி காசிவிசுவநாதசுவாமி கோயில் வரலாறு கோயில் வெளியீடு". 1964. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Sathianathaier, R.; Aiyar, R. Sathyanatha (1991). History of the Nayaks of Madura. Asian Educational Services. ISBN 978-81-206-0532-9. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
^"தென்காசிப் பாண்டியர்கள் !". dhinasari.com. 30 November 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
in the history of the Pandyas was Kolakonda, who was also among the TenkasiPandyas. All the Pandyas of the Varagunarama Pandya period were under the...
the Pandyas lost their traditional capital of Madurai and shifted to cities like Tenkasi and Tirunelveli. Tenkasi was the last capital of the Pandyas. All...
Tenkasi (Tamil: [t̪eŋɡaːsi]) is a town and headquarters of the Tenkasi district in Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Being one of the most significant spiritual...
Age International Limited (P). p. 158. Sethuraman, N (1980). Medieval Pandyas, A.D. 1000–1200. University of Michigan. Thinakaran, Alice Justina (15...
Malayadhvaja Pandya (Tamil: மலயத்வஜ பாண்டியன், romanized: Malayadhvaja Pāṇḍyan), also known as Sharangadhvaja Pandya, is a legendary king of Madurai and...
The Early Pandyas of the Sangam period were one of the three main kingdoms of the ancient Tamil country, the other two being the Cholas, and Cheras Dynasty...
புலிக்கொடிக்கு மீனமோ அம்மானே — Ottakoothar Literal Meaning: Can the flag of the Pandyas match the flag of the Cholas? According to legend, an avatar of the Hindu...
then gifted the Pandya and Chola rajyams to Viswanatha Nayak's direct rule as a reward. The Pandyas moved their capital into Tenkasi and continued to...
of Chithirai.The temple also emerged prosperous during the reign of TenkasiPandyas. A snake pit found in the prakaram located around the Amman Sannidhi...
ruled at different times by the Early Pandyas, the Cheras, the Medieval Cholas and Later Cholas, the later Pandyas, the Vijayanagara Empire and the British...
Thanjavur, Influence of Pandyas on Thanjavur". www.thanjavuronline.in. Retrieved 26 May 2022. "Growth of art and architecture: Pandyas". Self Study History...
and Korkai and also empress of the Pandya dynasty. She ruled Madurai alongside her husband, King Malayadhvaja Pandya. She was also the mother of Meenakshi...
rebel Pandya prince. Army commanders of Sena II installed prince Varaguna II on the Pandya throne. Srimara Srivallabha The king of the Pandyas fled from...
The Early Pandyas were one of the dynasties that ruled the ancient Tamil country from the pre-Christian era to about 200 CE. Most of the information about...
Lanka A temple between hill and elephant coin of the Pandyas, 1st century, Ceylon, British Museum "Pandya Coins". Government Museum Chennai. Retrieved 6 September...
Nedunjeliyan II (c. 210 CE) was one of the Early Pandya Kings. He defeated a confederacy of the Cholas and Cheras at Talaiyalanganam near Tiruvarur and...
and the Medieval Cholas in about 879 CE near modern-day Kumbakonam. The Pandyas lost the battle with Varagunavarman II going into retirement. The battle...
century based on palaeographic and literary evidence, during the reign of Pandya king Parantaka Nedunjadaiya (768-800 CE). According to Paul Dundas – a scholar...
of Nettur Malik Kafur's invasion Pandya Government Early Pandyan Government Pandya kings TenkasiPandyas Flag of Pandya Society and culture Art and architecture...
territory called Ilanji, near Courtallam. He belongs to the clan of ancient Pandyas. "Arittapatti inscription throws light on Jainism". The Hindu. 15 September...
of Nettur Malik Kafur's invasion Pandya Government Early Pandyan Government Pandya kings TenkasiPandyas Flag of Pandya Society and culture Art and architecture...
Thenpaandi Seemai refers to the part of a Pandya kingdom which includes the present day Kanyakumari,Tirunelveli, Tenkasi and Tuticorin, some parts of Virudunagar...
The Early Pandyas were one of the dynasties that ruled the ancient Tamil country from the pre-Christian era to about 200 AD. The Sangam works such as...
of Nettur Malik Kafur's invasion Pandya Government Early Pandyan Government Pandya kings TenkasiPandyas Flag of Pandya Society and culture Art and architecture...