Martyrdom of the Ten Thousand painted by Albrecht Dürer.
Martyrs
Died
c. 2nd century Mount Ararat, Turkey
Venerated in
Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodoxy
Oriental Orthodoxy
Lutheran Church
Anglican Church
Canonized
Pre-Congregation
Feast
22 June
Attributes
Crown of martyrdom Martyr's palm
Patronage
Persecuted Christians
Ten thousand martyrs may refer to the ten thousand martyred Fathers of the deserts and caves of Scete by Theophilus of Alexandria or to the ten thousand martyrs of Mount Ararat who were, according to a medieval legend, Roman soldiers who, led by Saint Acacius, converted to Christianity and were crucified on Mount Ararat by order of the Roman emperor. The story is attributed to the ninth century scholar Anastasius Bibliothecarius.
The Roman Martyrology contains two separate commemorations. The first is on March 18,[note 1] corresponding to the very same date in the Greek Orthodox Synaxarion, where it is referred to as the "Myriads of Holy Martyrs, by the sword, at Nicomedia".[2] Francis Mershman identifies these as those 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia killed during the Diocletian persecution. [3]
The second entry in the Roman Martyrology is for June 22 on Mount Ararat,[note 2]; however, this appears to be based on a legend containing "many historical inaccuracies and utterly improbable details".[3] The Greek Orthodox Synaxarion also has a second entry which is listed on June 1, for "The Holy Ten Thousand Martyrs" in Antiochia, under the Roman Emperor Decius.[5] However, it is unclear if this refers to the same event as the Roman Martyrology entry for June 22.
Despite its questionable veracity, the event was extremely popular in Renaissance art, as seen for example in the painting 10,000 martyrs of Mount Ararat by the Venetian artist Vittore Carpaccio, or in the Martyrdom of the Ten Thousand by the German artist Albrecht Dürer.
^The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. p. 80.
^ abMershman, Francis. "The Ten Thousand Martyrs." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 5 Jun. 2015
^The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. p. 181.
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