Tanit information

Tanit or Tinnit (Punic: 𐤕𐤍𐤕 Tīnnīt^[2]) was a Carthaginian Punic goddess, and the chief deity of Ancient Carthage, alongside her consort Baal Hammon.^[3]^[4]

The name appears to have originated in Carthage (modern day Tunisia), though it does not appear in local theophorous names.^[5] She was equivalent to the war goddess Astarte, and later worshipped in Roman Carthage in her Romanized form as Dea Caelestis, Juno Caelestis, or simply Caelestis. Before 1955, the only attestations of the goddess's name were in Phoenician, which is written without vowels. It was arbitrarily vocalized as "Tanit". In 1955, Punic inscriptions transliterated in Greek characters found at El-Hofra (near Constantine, Algeria) transliterated the name as Greek: Θινιθ (Thinith) and Greek: Θεννειθ (Thenneith). The inscriptions indicate that the name was likely pronounced as Tinnīt.^[2] Still, many scholars and writings continue to use Tanit.

In modern-day Tunisian Arabic, it is customary to invoke Omek Tannou or Oumouk Tangou ('Mother Tannou' or 'Mother Tangou', depending on the region), in years of drought to bring rain.^[6] Similarly, Algerian, Tunisian and many other spoken forms of Arabic refer to "Baali farming" to refer to non-irrigated agriculture.^[7] Such usage is attested in Hebrew, a Canaanite language sister to Phoenician, already in the 2nd century CE Mishnah.^[8]

^ https://www.diariodeibiza.es/ibiza/2015/11/13/imagen-impostora-tanit-ibiza-30365878.html El más famoso icono de la diosa púnica representa, probablemente, a la diosa griega Deméter - the most famous iconic representation of the punic goddess probably represents the Greek goddess Demeter
^ ^a ^b Friedrich, Johannes (1957). "Punische Studien". Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft. 107 (n.F. 32) (2): 282-298: p. 283, 285–286. JSTOR 43369103. Retrieved 19 December 2022. (JStor)
^ Miles, Richard (2011). Carthage Must Be Destroyed: The Rise and Fall of an Ancient Civilization. Penguin. p. 68.
^ The standard survey is: Hvidberg-Hansen, F. O. (1982). La déesse TNT: Une Etude sur la réligion canaanéo-punique (in French). Copenhagen: Gad.. An extensive critical review by G. W. Ahlström appeared in Journal of Near Eastern Studies 45(4), October 1986, pp. 311–314.
^ Bleeker, Claas Jouco; Widengren, Geo (1988). Historia Religionum, Volume 1: Religions of the Past. Brill. pp. 209 ff. ISBN 90-04-08928-4. At Carthage the great goddess is called Tinnit (formerly read Tanit).... It would seem that Tinnit is the specific Carthaginian form of Astarte, but strangely enough there are no theophorous names containing the element Tinnit, while there are a few with Astarte. The name seems to have originated in Carthage....
^ Rezgui, Sadok (1989). Les chants tunisiens (in French). Tunis: Maison tunisienne de l'édition.
^ Ottavo contributo alla storia degli studi classici e del mondo antico Arnaldo Momigliano - 1987 p240.
^ "Mishnah Sheviit 2:9". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-08-10.

[1] ttps://www.diariodeibiza.es/ibiza/2015/11/13/imagen-impostora-tanit-ibiza-30365878.html El más famoso icono de la diosa púnica representa, probablemente, a la diosa griega Deméter - the most famous iconic representation of the punic goddess probably represents the Greek goddess Demeter

[pronunciation-2] Friedrich, Johannes (1957). "Punische Studien". Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft. 107 (n.F. 32) (2): 282-298: p. 283, 285–286. JSTOR 43369103. Retrieved 19 December 2022. (JStor)

[3] Miles, Richard (2011). Carthage Must Be Destroyed: The Rise and Fall of an Ancient Civilization. Penguin. p. 68.

[4] The standard survey is: Hvidberg-Hansen, F. O. (1982). La déesse TNT: Une Etude sur la réligion canaanéo-punique (in French). Copenhagen: Gad.. An extensive critical review by G. W. Ahlström appeared in Journal of Near Eastern Studies 45(4), October 1986, pp. 311–314.

[BleekerWidengren1988-5] Bleeker, Claas Jouco; Widengren, Geo (1988). Historia Religionum, Volume 1: Religions of the Past. Brill. pp. 209 ff. ISBN 90-04-08928-4. At Carthage the great goddess is called Tinnit (formerly read Tanit).... It would seem that Tinnit is the specific Carthaginian form of Astarte, but strangely enough there are no theophorous names containing the element Tinnit, while there are a few with Astarte. The name seems to have originated in Carthage....

[6] Rezgui, Sadok (1989). Les chants tunisiens (in French). Tunis: Maison tunisienne de l'édition.

[7] Ottavo contributo alla storia degli studi classici e del mondo antico Arnaldo Momigliano - 1987 p240.

[8] "Mishnah Sheviit 2:9". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-08-10.

Tanit information

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Mesopotamian Levantine pre-Islamic Arabia Near Eastern Religions
The Levant
Adonis Anat Arsay Asherah Astarte Atargatis ʿAṯtar Azizos Baʿalat Gebal Baʿal Baʿal Berith Baʿal Ḥammon Baʿal Marqod Baʿal Ṣapon Baʿalshamem Chemosh Dagan El Eshmun Haddu Kotharat Kothar-wa-Khasis Melqart Milcom Misor Mot Nikkal Qedesh Qos Resheph Sakkun Shadrafa Shahar Shalim Shapshu Sydyk Tanit Yam Yahweh Yarikh
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Deities of the ancient Near East
Ancient Egyptian Amun Anubis Apis Atum Buchis Geb Horus Isis Montu Nephthys Nut Osiris Ptah Qetesh Ra Set Shu Tefnut Thoth
Arabian Allah Aglibol Abgal al-Lat al-Qaum al-‘Uzzá Atarsamain ʿAṯtar Baalshamin Bēl Dhul Khalasa Dushara Gad Hubal Malakbel Manaf Manāt Nasr Nuha Orotalt Ruda Suwa' Theandrios Wadd Ya'uq Yaghūth Yarhibol Yatha
Eblaite Adamma Aštabil Dagan Hadabal Hadad Ḫalabatu Ishara Kura Ninkarrak Saggar Shalash
Elamite Humban Inshushinak Ishmekarab Jabru Kiririsha Lagamar Manzat Nahhunte Narundi Napir Napirisha Pinikir Ruhurater Simut
Hurrian Allani Aštabi Hayya Ḫepat Hutena and Hutellura Ishara Kubaba Kumarbi Kušuḫ Lelluri Mitanni dynastic deities (Indra, Mitra, Varuna) Nabarbi Ninatta and Kulitta Nupatik Pirengir Shalash Šarruma Šauška Šimige Šuwala Takitu Tašmišu Teshub Tilla
Levantine (Canaanite and Ugaritic) Adonis Anat Arsay Asherah Ashima Astarte Atargatis ʿAṯtar Azizos Baʿal Baʿal Ḥammon Baʿal Marqod Baʿal Ṣapon Baʿalshamem Baʿalat Gebal Chemosh Dagan El Eshmun Haddu Kotharat Kothar-wa-Khasis Melqart Milcom Misor Mot Nikkal Qedesh Qos Resheph Sakkun Shadrafa Shahar Shalim Shapshu Sydyk Tanit Yam Yahweh Yarikh
Mesopotamian Adad/Ishkur Amurru An/Anu Asarluhi Ashur Aya Belet Nagar Dumuzi Enki/Ea Enlil Ereshkigal Gibil Inanna/Ishtar Ishtaran Manungal Marduk Nabu Nammu Nanaya Nisaba Shala Šumugan Nanna/Sin Nergal Ninazu Ninegal Ningal Ningishzida Ninhursag Ninisina Ninlil Ninshubur Pabilsag Papsukkal Sarpanit Sebitti Tishpak Utu/Shamash Wer Zababa
Religions of the ancient Near East
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