Transketolase-like-1 (TKTL1) is a gene closely related to the transketolase gene (TKT). It emerged in mammals during the course of evolution and, according to the latest research findings, is considered one of the key genes that distinguishes modern humans (homo sapiens) from Neanderthals.[5][6][7]
The proteins formed by the two transketolase genes form a heterodimer (TKTL1-TKT). Once expressed, the TKTL1 protein displaces a TKT protein from the TKT-TKT homodimer, leading to the formation of a TKTL1-TKT heterodimer. This heterodimer is enzymatically very different from the transketolase homodimer (TKT-TKT), as the heterodimer leads to a significant increase in ribose-5-phosphate in cells.[8] TKTL1 also allows formation of acetyl-CoA,[9] an important component for the synthesis of lipids and steroids.
The TKTL1-Gene was discovered by Dr. Johannes Coy[10] and first published 1996.[5]
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000007350 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000031397 – Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ abCoy JF, Dübel S, Kioschis P, Thomas K, Micklem G, Delius H, Poustka A (March 1996). "Molecular cloning of tissue-specific transcripts of a transketolase-related gene: implications for the evolution of new vertebrate genes". Genomics. 32 (3): 309–316. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0124. PMID 8838793.
^"TKTL1 transketolase-like 1". Entrez Gene. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Pinson, Anneline; Xing, Lei; Namba, Takashi; Kalebic, Nereo; Peters, Jula; Oegema, Christina Eugster; Traikov, Sofia; Reppe, Katrin; Riesenberg, Stephan; Maricic, Tomislav; Derihaci, Razvan; Wimberger, Pauline; Pääbo, Svante; Huttner, Wieland B. (2022-09-09). "Human TKTL1 implies greater neurogenesis in frontal neocortex of modern humans than Neanderthals". Science. 377 (6611): eabl6422. doi:10.1126/science.abl6422. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 36074851. S2CID 252161562.
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^Cite error: The named reference Diaz2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Transketolase-like-1 (TKTL1) is a gene closely related to the transketolase gene (TKT). It emerged in mammals during the course of evolution and, according...
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