Global InformationSynoeca septentrionalis information
| Synoeca septentrionalis | |
|---|---|
| |
Conservation status
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 Least Concern (IUCN 3.1) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Vespidae |
| Subfamily: | Polistinae |
| Tribe: | Epiponini |
| Genus: | Synoeca |
| Species: | S. septentrionalis
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| Binomial name | |
| Synoeca septentrionalis (Richards, 1978)[1]
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Synoeca septentrionalis is one of five species of wasps in the genus Synoeca.[1] It is a swarm-founding wasp that is also eusocial,[2] exhibiting complicated nest structure and defense mechanisms[3] and a colony cycle including a pre-emergence phase and a post-emergence phase.[4] It is typically found in areas from Central to South America.[3] This wasp is one of the larger species of paper wasps and exhibits multiple morphological adaptations as a result of this.[5] Synoeca septentrionalis is known for possessing a very painful sting.[6]
- ^ a b Andena, Sergio; Carpenter, James; Noll, Fernando (January 1, 2000). "A Phylogenetic Analysis of Synoeca de Saussure, 1852, A Neotropical Genus of Social Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Epiponini)". Entomologica Americana. 115 (1): 81–89. doi:10.1664/07-RA-002R.1. S2CID 85860442.
- ^ Smith, Adam; O’Donnell, Sean; Jeanne, Robert (July 3, 2002). "Evolution of Swarm communication in Eusocial Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)". Journal of Insect Behavior. 15 (6): 751–764. doi:10.1023/A:1021119322398. S2CID 19462645.
- ^ a b Starr, C.K. (December 13, 1988). "The Ins and Outs of a Tropical Social Wasp Nest". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 91 (1): 26–28. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
twelvewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Garcia, Zioneth; Sarmiento, Carlos (November 17, 2011). "Relationship between body size and flying-related structures in Neotropical social wasps (Polistinae, Vespidae, Hymenoptera)". Zoomorphology. 131 (1): 25–35. doi:10.1007/s00435-011-0142-z. S2CID 18282115.
- ^ Starr, Christopher (May 30, 1985). "A Simple Pain Scale for Field Comparison of Hymenopteran Stings". Journal of Entomological Science. 20 (2): 225–232. doi:10.18474/0749-8004-20.2.225.