Global InformationSymphyogyna podophylla information
| Symphyogyna podophylla | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Marchantiophyta |
| Class: | Jungermanniopsida |
| Order: | Pallaviciniales |
| Family: | Pallaviciniaceae |
| Genus: | Symphyogyna |
| Species: | S. podophylla
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| Binomial name | |
| Symphyogyna podophylla Thunb.
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| Distribution map of Symphyogyna podophylla (Symphyogyna hymenophyllum) in Australia[1] | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Symphyogyna hymenophyllum | |
Symphyogyna podophylla (also known as Symphyogyna hymenophyllum)[3] is a dendroid liverwort which is widespread in wet forests. It occurs in New Zealand, South America, Southern Africa, and is very common in wet forests of Australia and Tasmania.[4]
It has an erect brownish stalk with a flat frond structure; it closely resembles a different liverwort species, Hymenophyton flabellatum.[5] It can be distinguished from H. flabellatum by the marginal teeth on its thalloid lobes, and the positions of its sex organs.[6][7]
This dendroid, thalloid liverwort is characterised by its palmate, 'fan-like' fronds which arise from its distinct brown stalk which is up to 2cm tall. The stalk arises from a rhizome, which utilises rhizoids to attach to soil substrate.[4] Fronds are commonly flat and forked forming a triangular shape.[6] The frond typically divides into two segments which can divide into two again.[6] Forks may be scarce, or not occur at all, however this is rare.[8] The frond can also occasionally be prostrate.[8] Variability in thickness of the lamina can influence its appearance, it can be thin and translucent, or thick and opaque.[8] The frond is generally <1cm, with segments approximately 2mm wide.[6] Segments of the frond have toothed margins, and can be reddish-brown (this can sometimes be true for the entire plant).[8] If an individual's margins are irregularly lobed or not well-developed, it can be mistaken for species of the genus Podomitrium.[3]
Male plants of this species are smaller and less branched, with small scales along the centre of the thallus covering antheridia, while female plants have one or two scales covering archegonia, and produce sporophytes which are encased in a white, fleshy tube.[8][6][7] The sporophyte has a reddish shoot-calyptra, up to 1cm long; the capsule is <5mm long with valves which can remain together at their tips after dehiscence.[8]
- ^ Australia, Atlas of Living. "Species: Symphyogyna podophylla". bie.ala.org.au. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
- ^ G. Jordan, 2019
- ^ a b "Key to Tasmanian Dicots". www.utas.edu.au. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ^ a b Campbell, E.O.; Hopcroft, D.H.; Markham, K.R. (1993). "A study of Symphyogyna hymenophyllum (Hook.) Mont. et Nees and S. podophylla (Thunb.) Mont. et Nees (Hepaticae) using scanning electron microscopy of spores and comparative chemistry". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 31 (4): 347–351. doi:10.1080/0028825X.1993.10419512. ISSN 0028-825X.
- ^ Meagher, D.A.; Fuhrer, B.A. (2003). A field guide to the mosses & allied plants of Southern Australia. Blackburn, Victoria: Australian Biological Resources Study. p. 208. ISBN 0642568286.
- ^ a b c d e Allison, K.W.; Child, J. (1975). The Liverworts of New Zealand. Dunedin: University of Otago Press. pp. 238–241.
- ^ a b Jarman, S.J.; Fuhrer, B.A. (1995). Mosses and Liverworts of Rainforest in Tasmania and South-eastern Australia. Forestry Tasmania. p. 74. ISBN 9780643056855.
- ^ a b c d e f Scott, George A.M. (1985). Southern Australian Liverworts (No.2 ed.). Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. p. 46.