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In linguistics, a surface filter is a type of sound change that operates not at a particular point in time but over a longer period. Surface filters normally affect any phonetic combination that is not permitted according to the language's phonetic rules and so preserve the phonotactics of that language. They are also often a source of complementary distribution between certain sets of sounds.
A trivial example of a surface filter is the replacement of sounds foreign to a language with sounds native to the language. For example, a language that has no front rounded vowels may replace such vowels with either front unrounded or back rounded vowels, whenever it borrows a word containing such a vowel. Strictly speaking, that is not a surface filter, as it is merely the way in which the phonetics of one language are matched to that of another. That example, however, still illustrates the importance of surface filters in preserving the phonological structure of words within the language. Usually, the term applies only to rules that affect both native and borrowed words.
linguistics, a surfacefilter is a type of sound change that operates not at a particular point in time but over a longer period. Surfacefilters normally affect...
particulate solids from fluids: Surfacefilters, where particulates are captured on a permeable surface Depth filters, where particulates are captured...
crossing the filter (blinding). Commercially, the term filter is applied to membranes where the separation lattice is so thin that the surface becomes the...
particles are caught on the paper surface. Filter paper is mostly used because of the ability of a small piece of filter paper to absorb a significant volume...
propels the arms around distributing the liquid evenly over the surface of the filter media. Most are uncovered (unlike the accompanying diagram) and...
etc. Linear and circular polarising filters reduce oblique reflections from non-metallic surfaces. Many filters absorb part of the light available, necessitating...
A coffee filter is a filter used for various coffee brewing methods including but not limited to drip coffee filtering. Filters made of paper (disposable)...
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higher surface area than non treated carbon. One gram of activated carbon has a surface area in excess of 3,000 m2 (32,000 sq ft). Carbon filtering is commonly...
Filter feeders are aquatic animals that acquire nutrients by feeding on organic matters, food particles or smaller organisms (bacteria, microalgae and...
used primarily to treat surface water. The length and breadth of the tanks are determined by the flow rate desired for the filters, which typically have...
A particulate air filter is a device composed of fibrous, or porous materials which removes particulates such as smoke, dust, pollen, mold, viruses and...
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Look up filter funnel in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A filter funnel is a laboratory funnel used for separating solids from liquids via the laboratory...
strings through the filter if enough pressure drop occurs across the filtersurface. Typical screen materials include stainless steel (mesh), polypropylene...
signal processing, mainly in digital signal processing, a Gaussian filter is a filter whose impulse response is a Gaussian function (or an approximation...
locations of reflective surfaces in a reverberant space) are not known in advance or are changing. The closed loop adaptive filter uses feedback in the form...
An optical filter is a device that selectively transmits light of different wavelengths, usually implemented as a glass plane or plastic device in the...
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textured surface relative to the viewer, and different forms of filtering are needed in each case. Given a square texture mapped on to a square surface in the...
The effect of different form removal techniques on surface finish analysis Plots showing how filter cutoff frequency affects the separation between waviness...
The rapid sand filter or rapid gravity filter is a type of filter used in water purification and is commonly used in municipal drinking water facilities...
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