The Sumatran green pigeon (Treron oxyurus) is a species of bird in the pigeon family, Columbidae. First described by Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck in 1823, is endemic to Indonesia, where it is found in Sumatra and western Java. It inhabits the canopy of dense hill and montane forest and has been recorded at elevations of 350 to 1,800 m (1,100 to 5,900 ft) on Sumatra and 600 to 3,000 m (2,000 to 9,800 ft) on Java. The Sumatran green pigeon is a relatively slender species with a long wedge-shaped tail and an adult length of 29.0–34.1 cm (11.4–13.4 in) in males and 27.7–29.0 cm (10.9–11.4 in) in females. Adult males have a dark green head and body, bright yellow lower belly and undertail-coverts, dark grey tail, and bluish-green unfeathered patches on the face. Adult females are duller and have no grey on the back of the neck, a fainter orange wash on the breast, and no orange markings on the crown or the bend of the wing.
The species feeds on fruit such as figs, leaving overnight roosts of up to 50 birds to feed in the early morning and returning in the late afternoon. Breeding has been observed in January and September on Sumatra and in June on Java. Nests are built in trees and contain one or two eggs incubated by both parents. The Sumatran green pigeon is listed as being of near-threatened on the IUCN Red List due to a "moderately small" population that is continuing to decline because of habitat degradation. It was previously considered to be locally common throughout its range, but is now scarce on Sumatra and very rare on Java. It is threatened by habitat loss and the wildlife trade.
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