Post-classical Thai kingdom in north-central Thailand
Sukhothai Kingdom[note 1]
อาณาจักรสุโขทัย Anachak Sukhothai
1238–1438
The Sukhothai Kingdom at its greatest extent during the late 13th century under the reign of King Ram Khamhaeng
Sukhothai Kingdom (dark purple) in 1400 CE
Capital
Sukhothai (1238–1347)
Song Khwae (1347–1438)
Common languages
Sukhothai
Religion
Theravada Buddhism
Government
Monarchy (mandala system)
King
• 1238–1270
Si Inthrathit (first)
• 1279–1298
Ram Khamhaeng
• 1347–1368
Li Thai
• 1419–1438
Borommapan (last)
Historical era
Post-classical era
• Independence
1238
• Tributary state of Ayutthaya
1378–1438
• Annexed by Ayutthaya
1438
• Maha Thammaracha becomes King of Ayutthaya
1569[1]
Currency
Bullet money (photduang)
Shell money[2]
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Lavo Kingdom
Ayutthaya Kingdom
Today part of
Thailand
Laos
Myanmar
Malaysia
This article contains Thai text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Thai script.
The Sukhothai Kingdom (Thai: สุโขทัย, RTGS: Sukhothai, IAST: Sukhodaya, pronounced[sù.kʰǒː.tʰāj]ⓘ) or the Northern Cities[3] was a post-classical Siamese kingdom (mandala) in Mainland Southeast Asia surrounding the ancient capital city of Sukhothai in present-day north-central Thailand. The kingdom was founded by Si Inthrathit in 1238 and existed as an independent polity until 1438, when it fell under the influence of the neighboring Ayutthaya after the death of Borommapan (Maha Thammaracha IV).
Sukhothai was originally a trade center in Lavo—itself under the suzerainty of the Khmer Empire—when Central Thai people led by Pho Khun Bang Klang Hao, a local leader, revolted and gained their independence. Bang Klang Hao took the regnal name of Si Inthrathit and became the first monarch of the Phra Ruang dynasty.
The kingdom was centralized and expanded to its greatest extent during the reign of Ram Khamhaeng the Great (1279–1298), who some historians considered to have introduced Theravada Buddhism and the initial Thai script to the kingdom. Ram Khamhaeng also initiated relations with Yuan China, through which the kingdom developed the techniques to produce and export ceramics like sangkhalok ware.
After the reign of Ram Khamhaeng, the kingdom fell into decline. In 1349, during the reign of Li Thai (Maha Thammaracha I), Sukhothai was invaded by the Ayutthaya Kingdom, a neighboring Thai polity. It remained a tributary state of Ayutthaya until it was annexed by the kingdom in 1438 after the death of Borommapan. Despite this, the Sukhothai nobility continued to influence the Ayutthaya monarchy in centuries after through the Sukhothai dynasty.
Sukhothai is traditionally known as "the first Thai kingdom" in Thai historiography, but current historical consensus agrees that the history of the Thai people began much earlier. The ruins of the kingdom's capital, now 12 km (7.5 mi) outside the modern town of Sukhothai Thani in Sukhothai Province, are preserved as the Sukhothai Historical Park and have been designated a World Heritage Site.
Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).
^Chris Baker; Pasuk Phongpaichit (2017). A History of Ayutthaya. Cambridge University Press. p. 76. But 1569 was also the final act of the merger between Ayutthaya and the Northern Cities.
^"เงินตรา" [Currency]. Royal Thai Mint. 2014. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
^Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017). A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-19076-4.
boxes, or other symbols instead of Thai script. The SukhothaiKingdom (Thai: สุโขทัย, RTGS: Sukhothai, IAST: Sukhodaya, pronounced [sù.kʰǒː.tʰāj] ) or the...
up Sukhothai in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Sukhothai (Thai: สุโขทัย) may refer to: SukhothaiKingdom, kingdom in Thailand, 1238–1583 Sukhothai (city)...
Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon, Khmer Empire, and Malay states ruled the region, competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang, Sukhothai, Lan...
The Sukhothai script, also known as the proto-Thai script and Ram Khamhaeng alphabet, is a Brahmic script which originated in the SukhothaiKingdom. The...
capital of the SukhothaiKingdom in the 13th and 14th centuries, in north central Thailand. It is near the city of Sukhothai, capital of Sukhothai Province...
and Lampang. Sukhothai can be translated as 'dawn of happiness'. The modern-day province of Sukhothai was named after the SukhothaiKingdom that once ruled...
nominal vassal state of the SukhothaiKingdom and of the Mongol Yuan dynasty. The kingdom became formally independent of Sukhothai in 1330 but remained a loose...
to 1292. The text gives, among other things, a description of the SukhothaiKingdom during the time of King Ram Khamhaeng, to whom it is usually attributed...
the same meaning. Loy Krathong is once said to have begun in the SukhothaiKingdom by a court lady named Nopphamat. However, it is now known that the...
monarch being Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) of the Chakri dynasty. In the SukhothaiKingdom, the monarch used the title Pho Khun (Thai: พ่อขุน), and monarchs...
royal consorts of monarchs of Thailand from the foundation of the SukhothaiKingdom in 1238 until the present day. ประกาศ เรื่อง สถาปนาสมเด็จพระราชินี...
of the historic city of Sukhothai. This city was the capital of the first Thai kingdom, usually called the SukhothaiKingdom, hence the modern city is...
traditionally considered to have its roots in the founding of the SukhothaiKingdom in 1238, with a brief interregnum from the death of Ekkathat to the...
In 1239, the Tai governor of Sukhothai rebelled and declared independence from Lavo – giving birth to the SukhothaiKingdom. In Northern Thai chronicles...
was the third king of the Phra Ruang Dynasty, ruling the SukhothaiKingdom (a historical kingdom of Thailand) from 1279 to 1298, during its most prosperous...
Ayutthaya province Sukhothai art emerged in the 13th to 15th centuries CE, coincided with the establishment of the SukhothaiKingdom. This art form was...
were later on known as the Funan Kingdom, Dvaravati Kingdom, Srivijaya Kingdom, and SukhothaiKingdom. They used money as a medium of exchange which evolved...
established their states: Ngoenyang, the SukhothaiKingdom, the Kingdom of Chiang Mai, Lan Na, and the Ayutthaya Kingdom. These states fought each other and...
one of the major constituent city states (mueang) of the Siamese kingdoms of Sukhothai and later Ayutthaya and controlled a sizeable part of the Malay...
Ayutthaya's importance to Thai history by portraying the SukhothaiKingdom as the first "Thai" kingdom or golden age of "Thai-ness" (Buddhism, Thai-style democracy...
are ancient Thai traditional ceramic wear specifically derived from Sukhothaikingdom period. Decorated with traditional motifs, and fired at 1,150-1,280 °C...
This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of Thailand, its predecessor states, and by Siamese people, from antiquity to the present day. It also includes...
as Li Thai (Thai: ลิไทย, pronounced [líʔ.tʰāj]), was a king of the SukhothaiKingdom, and the first Buddhist philosopher to write in the Thai language...
เลอไทย, pronounced [lɤ̄ː tʰāj]) was the fourth king of the SukhothaiKingdom (a historical kingdom of Thailand) from 1298 to 1323. He was preceded by his...
tʰít]; also spelt Śrī Indrāditya) was the first king of the SukhothaiKingdom, a historical kingdom of Thailand, and ruled from 1238 until around 1270. He...
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