Suicide bag information

A suicide bag, also known as an exit bag or hood,^[1]^[2] is part of a euthanasia device consisting of a large plastic bag with a drawcord used to die by suicide through inert gas asphyxiation. It is usually used in conjunction with a flow of an inert gas that is lighter or less dense than air, like helium or nitrogen. Continuing to breathe expels carbon dioxide and this prevents the panic, sense of suffocation and struggling before unconsciousness, known as the hypercapnic alarm response^[3]^: 45 caused by the presence of high carbon dioxide concentrations in the blood.^[3] This method also makes the direct cause of death difficult to trace if the bag and gas canister are removed before the death is investigated. While asphyxiation by helium can be detected at autopsy, there is currently no test that can detect asphyxiation by nitrogen. For this reason, nitrogen is commonly the preferred choice for people who do not want the cause of death established.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Suicide bags were first used during the 1990s. The method was mainly developed in North America.^{[citation needed]}

^ Williams M (2016-03-30). "Scots assisted death and abortion pioneer dies, aged 89". The Herald. Retrieved 2016-04-18.
^ Ogden RD, Hassan S (2011). "Suicide by oxygen deprivation with helium: a preliminary study of British Columbia coroner investigations". Death Studies. 35 (4): 338–364. doi:10.1080/07481187.2010.518513. PMID 24501824. S2CID 21006656.
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference PDH was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Schön CA, Ketterer T (December 2007). "Asphyxial suicide by inhalation of helium inside a plastic bag". The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 28 (4): 364–367. doi:10.1097/PAF.0b013e31815b4c69. PMID 18043029.
^ Auwaerter V, Perdekamp MG, Kempf J, Schmidt U, Weinmann W, Pollak S (August 2007). "Toxicological analysis after asphyxial suicide with helium and a plastic bag". Forensic Sci. Int. 170 (2–3): 139–141. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.03.027. PMID 17628370.(subscription required)
^ Ogden RD, Wooten RH (September 2002). "Asphyxial suicide with helium and a plastic bag" (PDF). Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 23 (3): 234–237. doi:10.1097/00000433-200209000-00005. PMID 12198347. S2CID 11301455.

[scots-1] Williams M (2016-03-30). "Scots assisted death and abortion pioneer dies, aged 89". The Herald. Retrieved 2016-04-18.

[pmid24501824-2] Ogden RD, Hassan S (2011). "Suicide by oxygen deprivation with helium: a preliminary study of British Columbia coroner investigations". Death Studies. 35 (4): 338–364. doi:10.1080/07481187.2010.518513. PMID 24501824. S2CID 21006656.

[PDH-3] Cite error: The named reference PDH was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[pmid18043029-4] Schön CA, Ketterer T (December 2007). "Asphyxial suicide by inhalation of helium inside a plastic bag". The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 28 (4): 364–367. doi:10.1097/PAF.0b013e31815b4c69. PMID 18043029.

[pmid17628370-5] Auwaerter V, Perdekamp MG, Kempf J, Schmidt U, Weinmann W, Pollak S (August 2007). "Toxicological analysis after asphyxial suicide with helium and a plastic bag". Forensic Sci. Int. 170 (2–3): 139–141. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.03.027. PMID 17628370.(subscription required)

[pmid12198347-6] Ogden RD, Wooten RH (September 2002). "Asphyxial suicide with helium and a plastic bag" (PDF). Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 23 (3): 234–237. doi:10.1097/00000433-200209000-00005. PMID 12198347. S2CID 11301455.

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Suicide
Social aspects ACEs Altruistic Bullying Copycat Dysfunctional family Epidemic Identity performance Legislation Philosophy Religious views Right to die School bullying Shame Social isolation Social media and suicide Social rejection Social support Toxic workplace Voluntary euthanasia Workplace bullying
Crisis Assessment of risk Crisis hotline (list) Intervention Prevention Suicide attempt Suicide watch
Types Assisted Bullying and suicide (list) Copycat Familicide Forced Honor Jauhar Mass Murder–suicide Prisoner suicide Rail Pact Internet Prayopavesa Sallekhana Sati Self-sacrifice Senicide Seppuku Sokushinbutsu Suicide attack Vatakkiruttal
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In warfare Banzai charge Kamikaze Suicide mission
Related phenomena Anguish Alcoholism Anhedonia Anxiety disorder Autism spectrum Coping Coping planning Depression (mood) Diseases of despair Echo chamber Grief Ideation Locations Major depressive disorder Mental disorder Neurodevelopmental disorder Non-suicidal self-injury Perfectionism Schizophrenia Self-harm Self-hatred Substance abuse Suffering Suicidal ambivalence Suicide and the Internet Suicide and trauma Suicide awareness Suicide in colleges in the United States Suicide in music subcultures Suicide note Suicide survivor Suicide terminology Suicide tourism Suicidology Warning signs of suicide
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Euthanasia
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Religious Buddhist Catholic Culture of life Euthanasia and the slippery slope Right to die Right to life
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Compassion & Choices Death with Dignity National Center Dignitas Exit International Final Exit Network Hemlock Society Not Dead Yet Care Not Killing
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Books
Final Exit The Peaceful Pill Handbook The Future of Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia
Jurisdictions
Australia Canada India Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Switzerland United Kingdom United States Uruguay
Laws
Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995 (Australia) Baby Doe Law
Alternatives
Assisted suicide Palliative care Principle of double effect Palliative sedation
Other issues
Consistent life ethic Eugenics Euthanasia device Groningen Protocol Suicide tourism
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