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Arithmetic logic circuits
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Half adder
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Ripple-carry adder
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Adder–subtractor (±)
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Full subtractor
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See also
Kochanski multiplication (exponentiation)
Multiply–accumulate operation
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Category:Binary arithmetic
Category:Computer arithmetic
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FPU
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In electronics, a subtractor – a digital circuit that performs subtraction of numbers – can be designed using the same approach as that of an adder. The binary subtraction process is summarized below. As with an adder, in the general case of calculations on multi-bit numbers, three bits are involved in performing the subtraction for each bit of the difference: the minuend (), subtrahend (), and a borrow in from the previous (less significant) bit order position (). The outputs are the difference bit () and borrow bit . The subtractor is best understood by considering that the subtrahend and both borrow bits have negative weights, whereas the X and D bits are positive. The operation performed by the subtractor is to rewrite (which can take the values -2, -1, 0, or 1) as the sum .
,
where ⊕ represents exclusive or.
Subtractors are usually implemented within a binary adder for only a small cost when using the standard two's complement notation, by providing an addition/subtraction selector to the carry-in and to invert the second operand.
Like the half subtractor, the full subtractor generates a borrow out when it needs to borrow from the next digit. Since we are subtracting Y {\displaystyle...
Subtractive color or subtractive color mixing predicts the spectral power distribution of light after it passes through successive layers of partially...
SpySubtract was the name of an Anti-Spyware application for Microsoft Windows developed by InterMute. It was maintained by Trend Micro under the new name...
Subtractive synthesis is a method of sound synthesis in which partials of an audio signal (often one rich in harmonics) are attenuated by a filter to...
The Stencil Subtractor frame was a ciphered text recyphering tool that was invented by British Army Intelligence Officer and cryptographer John Tiltman...
colors can be predicted by an appropriate mixing model (e.g., additive, subtractive) that reflects the physics of how light interacts with physical media...
Subtractive drawing is a technique in which the drawing surface is covered with graphite or charcoal marks and then erased to make the image. This technique...
Subtract-with-carry is a pseudorandom number generator: one of many algorithms designed to produce a long series of random-looking numbers based on a small...
sign of the answer. It is also not associative, meaning that when one subtracts more than two numbers, the order in which subtraction is performed matters...
Subtractive hybridization is a technology that allows for PCR-based amplification of only cDNA fragments that differ between a control (driver) and experimental...
SubtractiveLAD is the electronic/ambient music project of Stephen Hummel, from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Giving Up The Ghost (2005) Suture...
a had been a signed integer, then partial product p7 would need to be subtracted from the final sum, rather than added to it. The above array multiplier...
Subtract-a-square (also referred to as take-a-square) is a two-player mathematical subtraction game. It is played by two people with a pile of coins (or...
of the sum output. The serial binary subtracter operates the same as the serial binary adder, except the subtracted number is converted to its two's complement...
there is no remainder, the check digit is 0; otherwise the remainder is subtracted from 11. If the result is less than 10, it yields the check digit: 11...
from a larger piece of raw material by cutting. Machining is a form of subtractive manufacturing, which utilizes machine tools, in contrast to additive...
and carry-in are summed and the sum appears at Y and carry-out. Subtract: B is subtracted from A (or vice versa) and the difference appears at Y and carry-out...
selling and administrative expenses) are subtracted from revenues. Net income is later obtained by subtracting interest and taxes from the result. Earnings...
invalid ISBN 99999-999-9-X), or s and t could be reduced by a conditional subtract after each addition. Appendix 1 of the International ISBN Agency's official...
have no special meaning, but are useful when comparing additive and subtractive color models. An intermediate color is any mixture of a secondary and...
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