This article is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic. Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style.(March 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Types of Submarine Signals. (Submarine Signal Company)Share of the Submarine Signal Company, issued 3. February 1921)
Submarine signals had a specific, even proprietary, meaning in the early 20th century. It applied to a navigation aid system developed, patented and produced by the Submarine Signal Company of Boston. The company produced submarine acoustic signals, first bells and receivers then transducers, as aids to navigation. The signals were fixed, associated with lights and other fixed aids, or installed aboard ships enabling warning of fixed hazards or signaling between ships. ATLAS-Werke, at the time Norddeutsche Maschinen und Armaturenfabrik, of Germany also manufactured the equipment under license largely for the European market.
The system used more reliable underwater sound to project acoustic signals from a shore station or an undersea hazard on which a signal was placed. The signals were usually associated with a lightvessel, a bell buoy or hung on a tripod frame on the sea floor connected to a shore stations by cable. At first the system depended on bells operated by electric strikers. Receivers aboard ships could detect the acoustic signal and when equipped with receivers on each side the ship could determine approximate direction from which the signal came. A ship-to-ship system was also produced allowing ships so equipped to detect each other and estimate direction in fog. The company collected data from ships including ranges at which the signals of specific stations were detected. The collected data formed an early base of ocean acoustical properties. The original bells were quickly replaced by the Fessenden oscillator, a transducer, after its invention by Reginald Fessenden with development starting in 1912 at the Submarine Signal Company. That transducer allowed both sending and receiving leading to major advances in both submarine signals and extension into submarine telegraphy and experiments with underwater telephone communication and eventually sonar.
Ships, commercial or naval, equipped with submarine signaling capability had that equipment noted as one of the ship's navigation capabilities in registry information from the first decade of the century until nearly mid century. In 1907 the information was important to insurance underwriters and American Bureau of Shipping required that ships so equipped by indicated by the note "Sub. Sig." in ship's registry information. Commercial lines advertised the capability as a safety measure. Submarine signaling was made obsolescent and overtaken by advances during World War II.
In 1946 the Submarine Signal Company was acquired by and merged with Raytheon, becoming Raytheon's Marine Division, after having become the national leader in underwater sound, sonar and other work with the Navy during the World Wars and branching into other marine systems.
developed, patented and produced by the SubmarineSignal Company of Boston. The company produced submarine acoustic signals, first bells and receivers then transducers...
pioneered the production of shipboard radar systems, particularly for submarine detection. Raytheon ranked 71st among United States corporations in the...
A submarine communications cable is a cable laid on the seabed between land-based stations to carry telecommunication signals across stretches of ocean...
or microphones. This development of submarinesignals was spurred in 1901 by the founding of the SubmarineSignal Co. in Boston and the development of...
communicated by underwater bells as well as using the system for navigation. Submarinesignals were at the time competitive with the primitive maritime radionavigation...
Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is the act and field of intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether communications between people (communications...
arranged in an array so that it will add the signals from the desired direction while subtracting signals from other directions. The array may be steered...
A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability...
radio signals or celestial sightings, it allows the boat to navigate while remaining hidden under the surface. To maintain accuracy, the submarine must...
signals, using an add-drop multiplexer to divide and recombine the signals on the desired paths, the reconverting back to optically carried signals....
carbon microphone as receiver, for the SubmarineSignal Company. Submarinesignals – Marine hazard signaling system Underwater acoustics – Study of the...
submerged signal ejector is a device used by submarines, similar to a torpedo tube. Although, instead of deploying weapons, it launches signal flares, smokes...
penetrate seawater to depths of hundreds of metres, allowing signals to be sent to submarines at their operating depths. Building an ELF transmitter is a...
by the SubmarineSignal Company in 1924 on the M&M liner S.S. Berkshire. Distance is measured by multiplying half the time from the signal's outgoing...
achieved the goal of transmitting quality audio signals, but the lack of any way to amplify the signals meant they were somewhat weak. On December 21,...
difference signals from the pairs were used to steer the torpedo left-right and up-down. A countermeasure was developed: the targeted submarine discharged...
The nuclear-powered Project 949A Antey (Oscar II class) submarine K-141 Kursk sank in an accident on 12 August 2000 in the Barents Sea. It was taking...
Apparatus" – 1 May 1923 U.S. patent 1,472,558, "Directional Receiving of SubmarineSignals" – 30 October 1923 U.S. patent 1,473,979, "Method for Eliminating...
as a result of meetings between Navy and the SubmarineSignal Company, manufacturer of submarinesignals as navigation aids and active in underwater acoustics...
Global Information
