silvery white metallic; with a pale yellow tint[1]
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Sr)
87.62±0.01[2]
87.62±0.01 (abridged)[3]
Strontium in the periodic table
Hydrogen
Helium
Lithium
Beryllium
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
Sodium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Chlorine
Argon
Potassium
Calcium
Scandium
Titanium
Vanadium
Chromium
Manganese
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Copper
Zinc
Gallium
Germanium
Arsenic
Selenium
Bromine
Krypton
Rubidium
Strontium
Yttrium
Zirconium
Niobium
Molybdenum
Technetium
Ruthenium
Rhodium
Palladium
Silver
Cadmium
Indium
Tin
Antimony
Tellurium
Iodine
Xenon
Caesium
Barium
Lanthanum
Cerium
Praseodymium
Neodymium
Promethium
Samarium
Europium
Gadolinium
Terbium
Dysprosium
Holmium
Erbium
Thulium
Ytterbium
Lutetium
Hafnium
Tantalum
Tungsten
Rhenium
Osmium
Iridium
Platinum
Gold
Mercury (element)
Thallium
Lead
Bismuth
Polonium
Astatine
Radon
Francium
Radium
Actinium
Thorium
Protactinium
Uranium
Neptunium
Plutonium
Americium
Curium
Berkelium
Californium
Einsteinium
Fermium
Mendelevium
Nobelium
Lawrencium
Rutherfordium
Dubnium
Seaborgium
Bohrium
Hassium
Meitnerium
Darmstadtium
Roentgenium
Copernicium
Nihonium
Flerovium
Moscovium
Livermorium
Tennessine
Oganesson
Ca ↑ Sr ↓ Ba
rubidium ← strontium → yttrium
Atomic number (Z)
38
Group
group 2 (alkaline earth metals)
Period
period 5
Block
s-block
Electron configuration
[Kr] 5s2
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 8, 2[4]
Physical properties
Phase at STP
solid
Melting point
1050 K (777 °C, 1431 °F)
Boiling point
1650 K (1377 °C, 2511 °F)
Density (at 20° C)
2.582 g/cm3[5]
when liquid (at m.p.)
2.375 g/cm3
Heat of fusion
7.43 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization
141 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity
26.4 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P(Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T(K)
796
882
990
1139
1345
1646
Atomic properties
Oxidation states
+1,[6]+2 (a strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity
Pauling scale: 0.95
Ionization energies
1st: 549.5 kJ/mol
2nd: 1064.2 kJ/mol
3rd: 4138 kJ/mol
Atomic radius
empirical: 215 pm
Covalent radius
195±10 pm
Van der Waals radius
249 pm
Spectral lines of strontium
Other properties
Natural occurrence
primordial
Crystal structure
face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4)
Lattice constant
a = 608.6 pm (at 20 °C)[5]
Thermal expansion
22.55×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[5]
Thermal conductivity
35.4 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity
132 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering
paramagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility
−92.0×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[7]
Young's modulus
15.7 GPa
Shear modulus
6.03 GPa
Poisson ratio
0.28
Mohs hardness
1.5
CAS Number
7440-24-6
History
Naming
after the mineral strontianite, itself named after Strontian, Scotland
Discovery
William Cruickshank (1787)
First isolation
Humphry Davy (1808)
Isotopes of strontium
v
e
Main isotopes[8]
Decay
abundance
half-life (t1/2)
mode
product
82Sr
synth
25.36 d
ε
82Rb
83Sr
synth
1.35 d
ε
83Rb
β+
83Rb
γ
–
84Sr
0.56%
stable
85Sr
synth
64.84 d
ε
85Rb
γ
–
86Sr
9.86%
stable
87Sr
7%
stable
88Sr
82.6%
stable
89Sr
synth
50.52 d
β−
89Y
90Sr
trace
28.90 y
β−
90Y
Category: Strontium
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Strontium is a chemical element; it has symbol Sr and atomic number 38. An alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white yellowish metallic element that is highly chemically reactive. The metal forms a dark oxide layer when it is exposed to air. Strontium has physical and chemical properties similar to those of its two vertical neighbors in the periodic table, calcium and barium. It occurs naturally mainly in the minerals celestine and strontianite, and is mostly mined from these.
Both strontium and strontianite are named after Strontian, a village in Scotland near which the mineral was discovered in 1790 by Adair Crawford and William Cruickshank; it was identified as a new element the next year from its crimson-red flame test color. Strontium was first isolated as a metal in 1808 by Humphry Davy using the then newly discovered process of electrolysis. During the 19th century, strontium was mostly used in the production of sugar from sugar beets (see strontian process). At the peak of production of television cathode-ray tubes, as much as 75% of strontium consumption in the United States was used for the faceplate glass.[9] With the replacement of cathode-ray tubes with other display methods, consumption of strontium has dramatically declined.[9]
While natural strontium (which is mostly the isotope strontium-88) is stable, the synthetic strontium-90 is radioactive and is one of the most dangerous components of nuclear fallout, as strontium is absorbed by the body in a similar manner to calcium. Natural stable strontium, on the other hand, is not hazardous to health.
^Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (4 May 2022). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^"Periodic Table of Elements: Strontium - Sr (EnvironmentalChemistry.com)". environmentalchemistry.com. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
^ abcArblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
^Colarusso, P.; Guo, B.; Zhang, K.-Q.; Bernath, P. F. (1996). "High-Resolution Infrared Emission Spectrum of Strontium Monofluoride" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 175 (1): 158. Bibcode:1996JMoSp.175..158C. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1996.0019.
^Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
^Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^ ab"Mineral Resource of the Month: Strontium". U.S. Geological Survey. 8 December 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
Strontium is a chemical element; it has symbol Sr and atomic number 38. An alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white yellowish metallic element...
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Strontium carbonate (SrCO3) is the carbonate salt of strontium that has the appearance of a white or grey powder. It occurs in nature as the mineral strontianite...
Strontium oxide or strontia, SrO, is formed when strontium reacts with oxygen. Burning strontium in air results in a mixture of strontium oxide and strontium...
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Strontium aluminate is an aluminate compound with the chemical formula SrAl2O4 (sometimes written as SrO·Al2O3). It is a pale yellow, monoclinic crystalline...
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Strontium sulfate (SrSO4) is the sulfate salt of strontium. It is a white crystalline powder and occurs in nature as the mineral celestine. It is poorly...
Strontium fluoride, SrF2, also called strontium difluoride and strontium(II) fluoride, is a fluoride of strontium. It is a brittle white crystalline solid...
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as barium acetate. Strontium acetate is formed by reacting strontium hydroxide or strontium carbonate in acetic acid. "STRONTIUM ACETATE | 543-94-2"...
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