In seismology, strong ground motion is the strong earthquake shaking that occurs close to (less than about 50 km from) a causative fault. The strength of the shaking involved in strong ground motion usually overwhelms a seismometer, forcing the use of accelerographs (or strong ground motion accelerometers) for recording. The science of strong ground motion also deals with the variations of fault rupture, both in total displacement, energy released, and rupture velocity.
As seismic instruments (and accelerometers in particular) become more common, it becomes necessary to correlate expected damage with instrument-readings. The old Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM), a relic of the pre-instrument days, remains useful in the sense that each intensity-level provides an observable difference in seismic damage.
After many years of trying every possible manipulation of accelerometer-time histories, it turns out that the extremely simple peak ground velocity (PGV) provides the best correlation with damage.[1][2] PGV merely expresses the peak of the first integration of the acceleration record. Accepted formulae now link PGV with MM Intensity. Note that the effect of soft soils gets built into the process, since one can expect that these foundation conditions will amplify the PGV significantly.
"ShakeMaps" are produced by the United States Geological Survey, provide almost-real-time information about significant earthquake events, and can assist disaster-relief teams and other agencies.[3]
^"INSTRUMENTAL SEISMIC INTENSITY MAPS". Archived from the original on 2000-09-03.
^Wu, Yih-Min; Hsiao, Nai-Chi; Teng, Ta-Liang (July 2004). "Relationships between Strong Ground Motion Peak Values and Seismic Loss during the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake". Natural Hazards. 32 (3): 357–373. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.470.4890. doi:10.1023/B:NHAZ.0000035550.36929.d0. S2CID 53479793.
^"ShakeMaps". Archived from the original on 2014-03-30. Retrieved 2014-04-01.
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In seismology, stronggroundmotion is the strong earthquake shaking that occurs close to (less than about 50 km from) a causative fault. The strength...
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responses because they were not outfitted with instruments for recording stronggroundmotion; this prompted the Veterans Administration to later install seismometers...
recorded in Greece. The peak ground motion lasted for 0.45 seconds, and stronggroundmotion lasted for 5 seconds. Aigio experienced the strongest shaking, and...
obtained from a network of 670 observation stations using "Model 95" stronggroundmotion accelerometers. The agency provides the public with real-time reports...
earthquake groundmotion is so strong that it causes the more sensitive seismometers to go off-scale. There is an entire science of stronggroundmotion, that...
science of stronggroundmotion may use some values from the ground response spectrum (calculated from recordings of surface groundmotion from seismographs)...
subsidence on land. The earthquake achieved a peak ground acceleration (pga) of 0.27 g in Samos. Weaker ground acceleration was recorded at 0.1 g in İzmir,...
may have resulted in more extreme ground shaking compared to earthquakes with similar Mw values. Stronggroundmotion data was recorded at four accelerographs...
razed. At Elaiochori, located at an elevation of 525 m (1,722 ft), stronggroundmotion was greatly amplified. Seismic waves had short periods of 0.15–1...
These are similar to groundmotion-prediction equations for the estimation of instrumental strong-motion parameters such as peak ground acceleration. A summary...
earthquakes as a cause. Effects of movement on an active fault include stronggroundmotion, surface faulting, tectonic deformation, landslides and rockfalls...
Long period groundmotion (LPGM) refers to any seismic waves that occur during a seismic event, like an earthquake or nuclear explosions, that has a period...
1997 Bojnurd (Garmkhan) Earthquake in NE Iran: Field, Teleseismic, and Strong-Motion Evidence for Rupture Directivity Effects on a Strike-Slip Fault". Journal...
17, 1989 – Marina District, USGS Professional Paper 1551-F, StrongGroundMotion and Ground Failures, United States Government Printing Office Dietz, L...
laboratory or to record seismic waves close to a nucleation zone due to stronggroundmotion. In most cases, the rupture speed approaches, but does not exceed...
History of the 1994 Northridge, California, Earthquake Determined from StrongGroundMotion, Teleseismic, GPS, and Leveling Data". Bulletin of the Seismic Society...
of the Heterogeneous Source Model of Intraslab Earthquakes Toward StrongGroundMotion Prediction". Pure and Applied Geophysics. 168 (1–2): 117–124. Bibcode:2011PApGe...
collision zone. The Main Frontal Thrust predominantly accommodates this motion. Earthquakes along these thrust faults have been devastating in historic...
(Gilsocarbon). Empirical variograms are calculated from observations of stronggroundmotion from earthquakes. These models are used for seismic risk and loss...
strike-slip motion as well as a component of reverse slip, and to the west of the Opak River Fault (and closer to the areas of damage) stronggroundmotion triggered...
Sigbjörnsson; Simon Ólafsson (1–6 August 2004). A Comparative Study on StrongGroundMotion in Two Volcanic Environments: Azores and Iceland (PDF). 13th World...
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