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Stream capture information


Stream capture by headward erosion, leaving a wind gap

Stream capture, river capture, river piracy or stream piracy is a geomorphological phenomenon occurring when a stream or river drainage system or watershed is diverted from its own bed, and flows instead down the bed of a neighbouring stream. This can happen for several reasons, including:

  • Tectonic earth movements, where the slope of the land changes, and the stream is tipped out of its former course
  • Natural damming, such as by a landslide or ice sheet
  • Erosion, either
    • Headward erosion of one stream valley upwards into another, or
    • Lateral erosion of a meander through the higher ground dividing the adjacent streams.
    • Within an area of karst topography, where streams may sink, or flow underground (a sinking or losing stream) and then reappear in a nearby stream valley
  • Glacier retreat
The Maumee River basin. The Maumee, flowing north-east, has broken into part of the Wabash River basin, capturing west-flowing streams and reversing their flow direction on entering it.

The additional water flowing down the capturing stream may accelerate erosion and encourage the development of a canyon (gorge).

The now-dry valley of the original stream is known as a wind gap.

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