Stishovite is an extremely hard, dense tetragonal form (polymorph) of silicon dioxide. It is very rare on the Earth's surface; however, it may be a predominant form of silicon dioxide in the Earth, especially in the lower mantle.[6]
Stishovite was named after Sergey M. Stishov [ru], a Russian high-pressure physicist who first synthesized the mineral in 1961. It was discovered in Meteor Crater in 1962 by Edward C. T. Chao.[7]
Unlike other silica polymorphs, the crystal structure of stishovite resembles that of rutile (TiO2). The silicon in stishovite adopts an octahedral coordination geometry, being bound to six oxides. Similarly, the oxides are three-connected, unlike low-pressure forms of SiO2. In most silicates, silicon is tetrahedral, being bound to four oxides.[8] It was long considered the hardest known oxide (~30 GPa Vickers[2]); however, boron suboxide has been discovered[9] in 2002 to be much harder. At normal temperature and pressure, stishovite is metastable.
Stishovite can be separated from quartz by applying hydrogen fluoride (HF); unlike quartz, stishovite will not react.[7]
^ abLuo, Sheng-Nian; Swadener, J. G.; Ma, Chi; Tschauner, Oliver (2007). "Examining crystallographic orientation dependence of hardness of silica stishovite" (PDF). Physica B: Condensed Matter. 399 (2): 138. Bibcode:2007PhyB..399..138L. doi:10.1016/j.physb.2007.06.011. and references therein
^Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C., eds. (1995). "Stishovite". Handbook of Mineralogy(PDF). Vol. II (Silica, Silicates). Chantilly, VA, US: Mineralogical Society of America. ISBN 0962209716. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
^Stishovite. Mindat.org.
^Stishovite. Webmineral.com.
^Dmitry L. Lakshtanov et al. "The post-stishovite phase transition in hydrous alumina-bearing SiO2 in the lower mantle of the earth" PNAS 2007 104 (34) 13588-13590; doi:10.1073/pnas.0706113104.
^ abFleischer, Michael (1962). "New mineral names" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 47 (2). Mineralogical Society of America: 172–174.
^Ross, Nancy L. (1990). "High pressure crystal chemistry of stishovite" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 75 (7). Mineralogical Society of America: 739–747.
^He, Duanwei; Zhao, Yusheng; Daemen, L.; Qian, J.; Shen, T. D.; Zerda, T. W. (2002). "Boron suboxide: As hard as cubic boron nitride". Applied Physics Letters. 81 (4): 643. Bibcode:2002ApPhL..81..643H. doi:10.1063/1.1494860.
Stishovite is an extremely hard, dense tetragonal form (polymorph) of silicon dioxide. It is very rare on the Earth's surface; however, it may be a predominant...
tridymite (high-temperature form), cristobalite (high-temperature form), stishovite (high-pressure form), and coesite (high-pressure form). On the other hand...
meteorite (4.5653 ± 0.0001 billion years), marks the first occurrence of stishovite in an iron meteorite. The mineral muonionalustaite, a hydrated nickel...
nature with two high-pressure polymorphs of silicon dioxide: coesite and stishovite. These polymorphs have a crystal structure different from standard quartz...
as coesite and stishovite. Coesite is rarely found in eclogite brought to the surface in kimberlite pipes, but the presence of stishovite is unique to impact...
formed at pressures greater than those typical of the Earth's crust. Stishovite is a yet denser and higher-pressure polymorph of SiO2 found in some meteorite...
members of the quartz group, which also include coesite, tridymite and stishovite. It is named after Cerro San Cristóbal in Pachuca Municipality, Hidalgo...
density of quartz is 2.65 g/cm3). Only stishovite has a comparable density of about 4.287 g/cm3. Coesite Stishovite Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved...
considered a different mineral species. Thus, for example, quartz and stishovite are two different minerals consisting of the same compound, silicon dioxide...
several crystalline forms of silica, SiO2. The most important forms of silica include: α-quartz, β-quartz, tridymite, cristobalite, coesite, and stishovite....
alteration under normal weathering conditions. Yet quartz may alter to stishovite with intense pressure, and zircon to crytolite (a metamict zircon) with...
Planar deformation features Shatter cone Shock metamorphism Shocked quartz Stishovite Suevite Tektite Research Ralph Belknap Baldwin Daniel Barringer Barringer...
quartz can be transformed into the higher-pressure forms coesite and stishovite. Many other shock-related changes take place within both impactor and...
Pearson symbol mS48. Seifertite, forming at higher pressure than stishoviteStishovite, a higher-pressure polymorph Warr, L. N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved...
tridymite and cristobalite, as well as the much less common coesite and stishovite. Biologically generated forms are also known as kieselguhr and diatomaceous...
even SiO2 adopts the six-coordinated octahedral geometry in the mineral stishovite, a dense polymorph of silica found in the lower mantle of the Earth and...
known as coesite, then upon application of even higher pressure, form stishovite. These two forms of silica were first discovered by high-pressure experimenters...
include: α-quartz, β-quartz, tridymite, cristobalite, moganite, coesite, and stishovite. Classical examples of polymorphism are the pair of minerals calcite and...
SiO4 units linked together by shared vertices in different arrangements (stishovite, composed of linked SiO6 octahedra, is the main exception). Si-O bond...
original text related to this article: EB1911:Tridymite Cristobalite Coesite Stishovite Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical...
Quartz may occur as either of its two high-pressure forms, coesite and stishovite. Coesite occasionally occurs associated with eclogites formed during very...
Tetragonal GeO2 (the mineral argutite) has the rutile-like structure seen in stishovite. In this motif, germanium has the coordination number 6. An amorphous...
include shatter cones and high-pressure minerals, for example coesite and stishovite. When a meteor strikes a planet's surface, the energy released from the...
temperature. The resulting minerals (such as SiO2 polymorphs coesite and stishovite) and textures are characteristic of these conditions. Dynamic metamorphism...
discovery was the presence in the crater of the minerals coesite and stishovite, rare forms of silica found only where quartz-bearing rocks have been...
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