"Red rust" redirects here. For the genus of parasitic thalloid green algae known as red rust, see Cephaleuros.
Stem rust
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Pucciniomycetes
Order:
Pucciniales
Family:
Pucciniaceae
Genus:
Puccinia
Species:
P. graminis
Binomial name
Puccinia graminis
Pers., (1794)
Synonyms
See § Synonyms
Stem rust, also known as cereal rust, black rust,[1][2]red rust or red dust,[3] is caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis, which causes significant disease in cereal crops. Crop species that are affected by the disease include bread wheat, durum wheat, barley and triticale.[1] These diseases have affected cereal farming throughout history. The annual recurrence of stem rust of wheat in North Indian plains was discovered by K.C. Mehta.[4] Since the 1950s, wheat strains bred to be resistant to stem rust have become available.[5] Fungicides effective against stem rust are available as well.[6]
In 1999 a new virulent race of stem rust was identified against which most current wheat strains show no resistance. The race was named TTKSK (e.g. isolate Ug99). An epidemic of stem rust on wheat caused by race TTKSK spread across Africa, Asia and the Middle East, causing major concern due to the large numbers of people dependent on wheat for sustenance, thus threatening global food security.[7]
An outbreak of another virulent race of stem rust, TTTTF, took place in Sicily in 2016, suggesting that the disease is returning to Europe.[5] Comprehensive genomic analysis of Puccinia graminis, combined with plant pathology and climate data, has pointed out the potential of the re-emergence of stem wheat rust in UK.[8][9]
^ abCite error: The named reference Singh08 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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^Cite error: The named reference vincent2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Wanyera, R.; Macharia, J. K.; Kilonzo, S. M.; Kamundia, J. W. (2009-08-06). "Foliar Fungicides to Control Wheat Stem Rust, Race TTKS (Ug99), in Kenya". Plant Disease. 93 (9): 929–932. doi:10.1094/PDIS-93-9-0929. PMID 30754537.
^Cite error: The named reference red alert was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Saunders, Diane G. O.; Wulff, Brande B. H.; Thomas, Jane; Fenwick, Paul M.; Visser, Botma; Steffenson, Brian; Singh, Ravi P.; Sela, Hanan; Roohparvar, Ramin (2018-02-08). "Potential for re-emergence of wheat stem rust in the United Kingdom". Communications Biology. 1 (1): 13. doi:10.1038/s42003-018-0013-y. PMC 6053080. PMID 30271900.
^Hovmøller, Mogens S.; Pretorius, Zacharias A.; Saunders, Diane G. O. (2019-02-04). "Tackling the re-emergence of wheat stem rust in Western Europe". Communications Biology. 2 (1): 51. doi:10.1038/s42003-019-0294-9. PMC 6361993. PMID 30729187.
Stemrust, also known as cereal rust, black rust, red rust or red dust, is caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis, which causes significant disease in...
Ug99 is a lineage of wheat stemrust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici), which is present in wheat fields in several countries in Africa and the Middle...
Wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) is a fungal disease that affects wheat, barley, rye stems, leaves and grains. In temperate zones it is destructive...
produced a report, "Sounding the Alarm on Global StemRust", and their work led to the formation of the Global Rust Initiative. In 2008, with funding from the...
yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici), also known as wheat stripe rust, is one of the three major wheat rust diseases, along with stemrust of...
the pace dictated by the limited resources available. Field tests for stemrust of wheat and rice blast disease were begun at several states in the Midwest...
'take-all' and Cephalosporium stripe. Both of these diseases are soil borne. Stemrust diseases: Caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (basidiomycete) fungi...
It has good test weight and straw strength. It is resistant to wheat stemrust, but is susceptible to loose smut and barley yellow dwarf virus. 'Celebration'...
(2011-03-25). "A novel Robertsonian translocation event leads to transfer of a stemrust resistance gene (Sr52) effective against race Ug99 from Dasypyrum villosum...
often involved farm subsidies. Soil degradation and diseases such as stemrust are major concerns globally; approximately 40% of the world's agricultural...
risk if food safety vigilance breaks down. After an absence of 60 years, stemrust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) has returned to Europe in the 2020s...
diseases, such as leaf rust, stemrust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae), and crown rust (P. coronata var. avenae). Crown rust infection can greatly reduce...
and mycologist internationally renowned for her pioneering research in stemrust Puccinia graminis, particularly for its effect on the staple Canadian...
of Puccinia rusts and the diseases they cause: Puccinia asparagi - Asparagus rust Puccinia graminis - Stemrust, also known as black rust Puccinia horiana...
agriculture is wheat rust, a pathogenic fungus causing reddish patches, coloured by its spores. A virulent form of the wheat disease, stemrust, strain Ug99,...
various diseases caused by Cochliobolus sativus, Fusarium ear blight, and stemrust (Puccinia graminis). Bacterial diseases of barley include bacterial blight...
Some Mahonia species serve as alternate hosts for the cereal disease stemrust (Puccinia graminis). Ripe fruits of Mahonia 'Golden Abundance' Immature...
Wheat Rusts - An Atlas of Resistance Genes. Springer. ISBN 9789401040419. Roelfs, A P (1988). "Genetic Control of Phenotypes in Wheat StemRust". Annual...
E73 bomb, was a U.S. biological cluster bomb designed to deliver wheat stemrust. Mass production of the M115 bomb began in 1953. The weapon was a modified...
(Eupithecia exiguata).[citation needed] Berberis species can infect wheat with stemrust, a serious fungal disease of wheat and related grains. Berberis vulgaris...
problems in agarita. Sometimes leaf spots and rusts - especially black stemrust - may occur. Stemrust, caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis, is an...
biological agents. These included rye stemrust spores (stored at Edgewood Arsenal, 1951–1957), wheat stemrust spores (stored at the same facility 1962–1969)...
00366.x. ISSN 0066-4812. S2CID 154002130. Vidal, John (19 March 2009). "'Stemrust' fungus threatens global wheat harvest". The Guardian. London. Retrieved...
good yields on poor soils, and its resistance to fungal diseases such as stemrust that are prevalent in wet areas. Emmer is grown in Armenia, Morocco, Spain...
alternate host species of the wheat stemrust fungus (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici), a grass-infecting rust fungus that is a serious fungal disease...
rusts include three types of Pucciniae: P. triticina, wheat leaf rust, leaf rust, wheat brown rust, or brown rust P. graminis, stemrust, wheat stem rust...
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