None (rule by decree) (until 1973 and after 1975) National Assembly (in 1973–1975)
History
• Independence from the United Kingdom
15 August 1971
• Admitted to the United Nations
21 September 1971
• Kingdom of Bahrain
14 February 2002
Population
• 1971
216,078[2]
• 2001
650,604
Currency
Bahraini dinar
ISO 3166 code
BH
Preceded by
Succeeded by
History of Bahrain (1783–1971)
Bahrain
Today part of
Bahrain
The State of Bahrain (Arabic: دولة البحرينDawlat al-Baḥrayn) was the name of Bahrain from 1971 to 2002.
On 15 August 1971, Bahrain declared independence and signed a new treaty of friendship with the United Kingdom. Bahrain joined the United Nations and the Arab League later in the year.[3]
The oil boom of the 1970s benefited Bahrain greatly, although the subsequent downturn hurt the economy. The country had already begun diversification of its economy and benefited further from Lebanese Civil War in the 1970s and 1980s, when Bahrain replaced Beirut as the Middle East's financial hub after Lebanon's large banking sector was driven out of the country by the war.[4]
Following the 1979 Islamic revolution in Iran, in 1981 Bahraini Shī'a fundamentalists orchestrated a failed coup attempt under the auspices of a front organisation, the Islamic Front for the Liberation of Bahrain. The coup would have installed a Shī'a cleric exiled in Iran, Hujjatu l-Islām Hādī al-Mudarrisī, as supreme leader heading a theocratic government.[5] In December 1994, a group of youths threw stones at female runners during an international marathon for running bare-legged. The resulting clash with police soon grew into civil unrest.[6][7]
A popular uprising occurred between 1994 and 2000 in which leftists, liberals and Islamists joined forces.[8] The event resulted in approximately forty deaths and ended after Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa became the Emir of Bahrain in 1999.[9] A referendum on 14–15 February 2001 massively supported the National Action Charter.[10] He instituted elections for parliament, gave women the right to vote, and released all political prisoners. As part of the adoption of the National Action Charter on 14 February 2002, Bahrain changed its formal name from the State (dawla) of Bahrain to the Kingdom of Bahrain.[11]
^"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 January 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^The Middle East and North Africa 2004. Routledge. 2003. p. 225. ISBN 1-85743-184-7.
^"Bahrain". National Post. Archived from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
^Talbott, Strobe (25 October 1982). "Gulf States: Stay Just on the Horizon, Please". Time. Archived from the original on 3 October 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
^Darwish, Adel (1 March 1999), "Bahrain remains stable despite arson attacks that took place in the country", The Middle East
^"The Rich/Poor & Sunni/Shiite Rift". APS Diplomat. 18 March 2002. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
^Darwish, Adel (March 1999). "Rebellion in Bahrain". Middle East Review of International Affairs. 3 (1). Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
^Malik, Adnan (14 December 2002). "Bahrain's monarch opens parliament after a span of nearly 30 years". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013.
^"Country Theme: Elections: Bahrain". UNDP-Programme on Governance in the Arab Region. 2011. Archived from the original on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2011.
^"The Kingdom of Bahrain: The Constitutional Changes". The Estimate: Political and Security Analysis of the Islamic World and its Neighbors. 22 February 2002. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
The StateofBahrain (Arabic: دولة البحرين Dawlat al-Baḥrayn) was the name ofBahrain from 1971 to 2002. On 15 August 1971, Bahrain declared independence...
King of the Kingdom ofBahrain (Arabic: ملك مملكة البحرين Malik Mamlakat al-Baḥrayn) is the monarch and head ofstateof the Kingdom ofBahrain. The House...
Bahrain was a central location of the ancient Dilmun civilization. Bahrain's strategic location in the Persian Gulf has brought rule and influence from...
The economy ofBahrain is heavily dependent upon oil and gas. The Bahraini Dinar is the second-highest-valued currency unit in the world. Since the late...
The demographics of the population ofBahrain includes population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious...
Politics ofBahrain has since 2002 taken place in a framework of a constitutional monarchy where the government is appointed by the King ofBahrain, King...
Kingdom ofBahrain consists ofBahrain Island and 33 of the 37 Bahrain Islands, lying in the Persian Gulf's Gulf ofBahrain off the north shore of West Asia's...
Bahrain's record on human rights has been described by Human Rights Watch as "dismal", and having "deteriorated sharply in the latter half of 2010". Their...
The House of Khalifa (Arabic: آل خليفة, romanized: Āl Khalīfah) is the ruling family of the Kingdom ofBahrain. The Al Khalifas profess Sunni Islam and...
Bahrain's independence from the British in 1971, the government ofBahrain embarked on an extended period of political suppression under a 1974 State...
The Ajam ofBahrain (Arabic: عجم البحرین), also known as Persian Bahrainis or Iranian Bahrainis, are an ethnic group in Bahrain composed of Bahraini citizens...
The national flag ofBahrain (Arabic: عَلَم الْبَحرَيْن, romanized: Alem el-Bahreyn) consists of a white band on the left, separated from a red area on...
[elmɐˈnɑːmɐ]) is the capital and largest city ofBahrain, with an approximate population of 200,000 as of 2020. Long an important trading center in the...
that encompassed Bahrain archipelago (part of the present-day country Bahrain). During this period, Bahrain was under effective control of the Persian Gulf...
The 2011 Bahraini uprising was a series of anti-government protests in Bahrain led by the Shia-dominant and some Sunni minority Bahraini opposition from...
invasion ofBahrain led to the end of Persian rule in Bahrain and the annexation ofBahrain by the Arabs. After the fall of the Safavid dynasty, Bahrain went...
insurgency in Bahrain is an ongoing insurgency by militant groups, part of the Bahraini Opposition, supported by Iran, to topple government ofBahrain. The insurgency...
The Bahrain Defence Force (Arabic: قوة دفاع البحرين, abbreviated BDF) is the military force of the Kingdom ofBahrain. The Bahrain Defence Force is under...
28 January 1950) is King ofBahrain since 14 February 2002, after ruling as Emir ofBahrain from 6 March 1999. He is the son of Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa...
Emir ofBahrain from 1961 until his death in 1999 (after having previously ruled as Hakim ofBahrain until 16 August 1971). Born in Jasra, Bahrain, he...
Prisons in Bahrain are fully owned and operated by the state. They are run by 3 different security forces, including the National Security Agency (NSA)...
head ofstateof the Republic of the Congo as a militia leader from 15 October 1997 – 25 October 1997. The country was called the StateofBahrain before...
Prostitution in Bahrain is illegal but it has gained a reputation in the Middle East as major destination for sex tourism. The Bahrain Youth Society for...
Bahrain is divided into four Governorates: the Capital, Northern, Southern and Muharraq. Until September 2014, there were five, when the Central Governorate...
(Arabic: طيران الخليج, romanized: Ṭayarān al-Khalīj) is the flag carrier ofBahrain, which was founded in 1950 by British pilot Freddie Bosworth as Gulf Aviation...
Global Information
