Connected input and output streams for computer programs
This article is about standard I/O file descriptors. For System V streams, see STREAMS.
In computer programming, standard streams are preconnected input and output communication channels[1] between a computer program and its environment when it begins execution. The three input/output (I/O) connections are called standard input (stdin), standard output (stdout) and standard error (stderr). Originally I/O happened via a physically connected system console (input via keyboard, output via monitor), but standard streams abstract this. When a command is executed via an interactive shell, the streams are typically connected to the text terminal on which the shell is running, but can be changed with redirection or a pipeline. More generally, a child process inherits the standard streams of its parent process.
^D. M. Ritchie, "A Stream Input-Output System", AT&T Bell Laboratories Technical Journal, 68(8), October 1984.
tables identifying the streams, and even broadcaster-specific information such as an electronic program guide. Many streams are often mixed together...
(except perhaps daemons) should have three standard POSIX file descriptors, corresponding to the three standardstreams: In the traditional implementation of...
list of available streams, encoded at different bit rates, is sent to the client using an extended M3U playlist. Based on standard HTTP transactions,...
duplicate data streams that occur when many recipients receive unicast content streams independently. These protocols send a single stream from the source...
Reactive Streams is an initiative to provide a standard for asynchronous stream processing with non-blocking back pressure. Reactive Streams started as...
particular, in Unix-like operating systems, each process has three standardstreams, which are examples of unidirectional bytestreams. The Unix pipe mechanism...
the entire terminal interface was reimplemented using STREAMS. An important concept in STREAMS is the ability to push drivers – custom code modules which...
communication with system consoles is generally done abstractly, via the standardstreams (stdin, stdout, and stderr), but there may be system-specific interfaces...
(except other streams) may also be located in special streams known as object streams (marked /Type /ObjStm). This technique enables non-stream objects to...
typically used for disposing of unwanted output streams of a process, or as a convenient empty file for input streams. This is usually done by redirection. The...
Standard temperature and pressure (STP) or Standard conditions for temperature and pressure are various standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements...
watched pirate sports live streams. This has created issues over the future sustainability and protection of legally broadcast streams. With livestreaming becoming...
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