Squatting in Haiti is the occupation of unused land or abandoned buildings without the permission of the owner. Following the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804), squatters acquired smallholdings across the country.[1] As the capital Port-au-Prince grew, so did the informal settlements ringing it. In the Bel Air district, there is some squatting whilst most people pay rent, building their own homes.[2] In 2004, President Jean-Bertrand Aristide was deposed in a coup and poor areas such as Bel Air and Cité Soleil erupted in violence.[2] Peacekeepers from the United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti later evicted ex-combatants squatting in the house of Aristide.[3]
Cité Soleil was founded in 1958 to house workers, then grew rapidly to 80,000 people in the 1980s and 400,000 people in the 1990s. It became the largest slum in Haiti, housing people displaced from other areas. There is little infrastructure and the area frequently becomes flooded.[2] The World Health Organization said in 2000 that 51 per cent of rural homes in the country had clean drinking water and 21 per cent had sanitation.[3] Squatters can acquire title by adverse possession after twenty years of open occupation.[4]
Following the 2010 Haiti earthquake, 1.5 million people were displaced and efforts to help them were hampered by the devastation of the land registry. Under 5 per cent of the nation's land had been officially assessed, making it difficult to settle claims for title. The Organization of American States had already pledged $70 million to set up a digital land registry.[5] In some cases, cooperative groups helped squatters to buy the buildings they occupied.[6] One year later, 100,000 squatters had left the aid camps and were occupying land next to an official camp called Corail.[7]
^Mintz, Sidney W. (1995). "Can Haiti Change?". Foreign Affairs. 74 (1): 73–86. doi:10.2307/20047020. ISSN 0015-7120. JSTOR 20047020. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
^ abcBeckett, Greg (2014). "The Art of Not Governing Port-au-Prince". Social and Economic Studies. 63 (2): 31–57. ISSN 0037-7651. JSTOR 24384086.
^ ab"Haiti: UN helps remove ex-soldiers occupying Aristide house". UN News. 20 December 2004. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
^Riddick, Winston W. (9 May 2012). "Haitian Immovable Property Law Obsticle [sic] for Development". HRDF. Archived from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
^"Unclear land rights hinder Haiti's reconstruction". Thomson Reuters Foundation. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
^Askew, Kate (n.d.). "From squatting to a home". Stories Coop. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
^O'Neill, Claire (11 January 2011). "Tilt-Shift, Stop-Motion Squatting In Hillside Haiti". NPR. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
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