"Squalid" redirects here. Not to be confused with Squalor.
Dogfish sharks
Temporal range: Upper Cretaceous–Recent
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Spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Chondrichthyes
Subclass:
Elasmobranchii
Subdivision:
Selachimorpha
Order:
Squaliformes
Family:
Squalidae Bonaparte, 1834
Genera
Cirrhigaleus
Squalus
Squalidae, more commonly known as dogfish, dog sharks, or spiny dogfish,[2] are one of several families of sharks categorized under Squaliformes, making it the second largest order of sharks, numbering 119 species across 7 families.[3] Having earned their name after a group of fishermen reportedly observed the species chasing down smaller fish in dog-like packs,[4] dogfish have slender, streamlined bodies, usually more compact in comparison to other species, and a pointed snout. Dogfish likewise have two dorsal fins, each with smooth spines, but no anal fin, and their skin is generally rough to the touch.[1] As the species reaches adulthood, males usually measure a maximum of 100 cm (39 inches), while females typically measure 125 cm (49 inches) long. The species therefore exhibits female-dominant sexual dimorphism.
Dogfish sharks have slate-grey or grey-brown skin with white dots that becomes paler (almost white) around the belly region. These sharks are characterized by teeth in upper and lower jaws similar in size; a caudal peduncle with lateral keels; the upper precaudal pit usually is present; and the caudal fin is without a subterminal notch.
They are carnivorous, principally preying upon organisms smaller than themselves. Some of their prey include herring, mackerel, and capelin. In special cases, they may consume jellyfish and squid. Even at a young age, spiny dogfish pups may hunt fish two or three times their size.[citation needed] Unlike virtually all other shark species, dogfish sharks possess venom which coats their dorsal spines; this venom is mildly toxic to humans and would be harmful if the shark were to be mishandled. The livers and stomachs of the Squalidae contain the compound squalamine, which possesses the property of reduction of small blood vessel growth in humans.[5] Dogfish sharks use their strong jaw and sharp teeth to consume their prey.
The spiny dogfish has broken several records in the areas of migration and gestation. This shark tends to be a highly migratory species: one shark was recorded as travelling 8,000 km (5,000 miles) after being tagged in Washington state, United States, and found again later in Japan. In addition to its long distance migration, the spiny shark holds the record for longest gestation period of any other vertebrate at 22–24 months. Females produce eggs and give birth to live young that measure to be 20–33 cm (8–13 inches).
^ abFroese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2009). "Squalidae" in FishBase. January 2009 version.
^"Squalidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
^Straube, N.; Li, C.; Claes, J.M. (2015). "Molecular phylogeny of Squaliformes and first occurrence of bioluminescence in sharks". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 15 (162). doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0446-6. PMC 4537554.
^"Spiny Dogfish". Oceana. Retrieved 2019-04-12.
^"From the Belly of a Shark, a Cancer Cure?". National Geographic. Vol. 193, no. 6. June 1998. p. 202. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
Squalidae, more commonly known as dogfish, dog sharks, or spiny dogfish, are one of several families of sharks categorized under Squaliformes, making...
Squalus is a genus of dogfish sharks in the family Squalidae. Commonly known as spurdogs, these sharks are characterized by smooth dorsal fin spines,...
Genus Scymnodalatias Genus Scymnodon Genus Somniosus Genus Zameus Family Squalidae Blainville, 1816 (dogfish sharks) Genus Cirrhigaleus Genus Squalus Froese...
mud shark, or piked dogfish is one of the best known species of the Squalidae (dogfish) family of sharks, which is part of the Squaliformes order. While...
eboracensis (Asteraceae), another hybrid derivative of S. vulgaris L. and S. squalidae L" (PDF). Watsonia. 24: 375–388. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-27...
Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Dogfish may refer to: Dogfish sharks (Squalidae), a family of sharks Spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), best known species...
The La Meseta Formation is a sedimentary sequence deposited during the Eocene on Seymour Island off the coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It is noted for...
shortspine spurdog (Squalus mitsukurii) is a dogfish, a member of the family Squalidae, found on continental shelves off Japan in temperate waters, from the...
quasimodo) is a dogfish described in 2016. It is a member of the family Squalidae, found off the coast of Brazil. The length of the longest specimen measured...
Cuban dogfish (Squalus cubensis) is a dogfish, a member of the family Squalidae in the order Squaliformes. It is found in the Western Atlantic from North...
Burgess, G.H. (August 5, 1985). "Two New Dwarf Dogsharks (Etmopterus, Squalidae), Found off the Caribbean Coast of Colombia". Copeia. 1985 (3): 584–591...
The Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi) is a common species of the Squalidae (dogfish) family of sharks and are among the most abundant species of...
dogfish (Cirrhigaleus barbifer) is a dogfish, a member of the family Squalidae in the order Squaliformes. It is found at depths of 140–650 metres (460–2...
northern pike (Esox lucius), striped bass (Morone saxatilis), dogfish shark (Squalidae.sp) and Blue walleye (Sander vitreus). Fish taken by bald eagles varies...
Oxynotidae (Rough sharks) Family Somniosidae (Sleeper sharks) Family Squalidae (Dogfish sharks) The order Squatiniformes is a small order of highly specialized...
Sharks portal Cirrhigaleus is a genus of sharks in the Squalidae (dogfish) family, which is part of the Squaliformes order. Cirrhigaleus asper Merrett...
australis. Family 'Squalidae' Overview and Info. Dogfish Sharks, 'Squalidae' Info. Classification and Characteristics of 'Squalidae'. CSIRO Official Website...
albicaudus) is a dogfish described in 2016. It is a member of the family Squalidae, found off the coast of Brazil, at depths between 195 – 421 meters. The...
lobularis) is a dogfish described in 2016. It is a member of the family Squalidae, found off the coast of Brazil to Argentina. The length of the longest...
a species of dogfish described in 2007. It is a member of the family Squalidae, found off the coast of southeastern Australia. The length of the longest...
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